Diagnostic performance of serological tests for swine brucellosis in the presence of false positive serological reactions

Dieste-Pérez, L.; Blasco, J.M.; Miguel, María Jesús de; Moriyón, Ignacio; Muñoz, Pilar M.

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.001

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…That is why the most sensitive and cost-effective way to diagnose the disease is by means of serological assays (26,27). For these reasons, and due to the previously demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance of the recombinant glycoprotein OAg-AcrA for diagnosis of bovine and human brucellosis (14, 15), we decided to evaluate the antigen for the diagnosis of porcine brucellosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this scenario, a positive result should be confirmed by another method with high specificity (near 100%) but also with high sensitivity at the selected cutoff for which maximal specificity is achieved. In theory, the most specific methods are those based on non-O-polysaccharide antigens, but so far, all these methods suffer from very low sensitivity values at the cutoff that gives 100% specificity (26,33,34), and a cutoff yielding a specificity near 100% should always be applied when validating swine brucellosis tests in the context of low prevalence of the disease and/or the existence of false-positive serological reactions (26,33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bacterial Glycoengineered Antigen for Improved Serodiagnosis of Porcine Brucellosis

et al. 2016

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dBrucellosis is a highly zoonotic disease that affects animals and human beings. Brucella suis is the etiological agent of porcine brucellosis and one of the major human brucellosis pathogens. Laboratory diagnosis of porcine brucellosis mainly relies on serological tests, and it has been widely demonstrated that serological assays based on the detection of anti O-polysaccharide antibodies are the most sensitive tests. Here, we validate a recombinant glycoprotein antigen, an N-formylperosamine O-polysaccharide-protein conjugate (OAg-AcrA), for diagnosis of porcine brucellosis. An indirect immunoassay based on the detection of anti-O-polysaccharide IgG antibodies was developed coupling OAg-AcrA to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plates (glycoiELISA). To validate the assay, 563 serum samples obtained from experimentally infected and immunized pigs, as well as animals naturally infected with B. suis biovar 1 or 2, were tested. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed, and based on this analysis, the optimum cutoff value was 0.56 (relative reactivity), which resulted in a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99.7%, respectively. A cutoff value of 0.78 resulted in a test sensitivity of 98.4% and a test specificity of 100%. Overall, our results demonstrate that the glyco-iELISA is highly accurate for diagnosis of porcine brucellosis, improving the diagnostic performance of current serological tests. The recombinant glycoprotein OAg-AcrA can be produced in large homogeneous batches in a standardized way, making it an ideal candidate for further validation as a universal antigen for diagnosis of "smooth" brucellosis in animals and humans. B rucella spp. are Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria responsible for brucellosis in humans and animals. Animal brucellosis has a major economic impact because the infection causes abortions and stillbirths and reduces fertility in herds, while brucellosis in humans is a debilitating disease characterized by fever, sweating, and pain (1, 2). Brucella suis is the etiological agent of porcine brucellosis and one of the main human brucellosis pathogens, together with Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus. There are five biovars of B. suis, with biovars 1, 2, and 3 being responsible for porcine brucellosis (3). B. suis biovars 1 and 3, endemic in Asia and America, are highly zoonotic and cause serious reproductive problems in pigs (infertility, abortion, and orchitis) and a serious disease in humans. Biovar 2 is restricted to Europe, where it represents an emerging problem with a high economic impact in pig farms and is less pathogenic for humans.In the absence of an effective porcine brucellosis vaccine, control of the disease in pigs depends exclusively on detection and slaughter of infected animals. The gold standard method for confirmation of the infection is isolation of the pathogen; however, the slow growth of brucellae in primary cultures (up to 7 days), the risk involved in their handling, and the poor sensitivity of the meth...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bacterial Glycoengineered Antigen for Improved Serodiagnosis of Porcine Brucellosis

et al. 2016

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“… 102 However, gel immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, latex agglutination, and indirect ELISAs using Brucella protein extracts free of the O-polysaccharide were reported to have high specificity and moderate sensitivity (45%–63%) for detecting B. suis and differentiating false-positive reactions on serologic tests. 103 The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (widely known as Brucellin skin test) based on the use of LPS-free cytoplasmic proteins extracted from rough B. melitensis strain B115 104 is also of value as a diagnostic to discriminate between B. suis infections and infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 or other cross-reacting bacteria. The skin test does not cause cross-reacting antibodies that are reactive in RBT, CFT, or ELISA tests and has been proven effective at the herd level in pigs.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Swine Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine brucellosis: current perspectives

Olsen¹,

Tatum²

2016

VMRR

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Brucella suis is a significant zoonotic species that is present in domestic livestock and wildlife in many countries worldwide. Transmission from animal reservoirs is the source of human infection as human-to-human transmission is very rare. Although swine brucellosis causes economic losses in domestic livestock, preventing human infection is the primary reason for its emphasis in disease control programs. Although disease prevalence varies worldwide, in areas outside of Europe, swine brucellosis is predominantly caused by B. suis biovars 1 and 3. In Europe, swine are predominantly infected with biovar 2 which is much less pathogenic in humans. In many areas worldwide, feral or wild populations of swine are important reservoir hosts. Like other Brucella spp. in their natural host, B. suis has developed mechanisms to survive in an intracellular environment and evade immune detection. Limitations in sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostics require use at a herd level, rather for individual animals. There is currently no commercial vaccine approved for preventing brucellosis in swine. Although not feasible in all situations, whole-herd depopulation is the most effective regulatory mechanism to control swine brucellosis.

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“…However, among S-LPS tests, gel immunodiffusion shows 68% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The authors suggest that gel immunodiffusion could be a practical alternative to intradermal testing [17]. Knowing that these tests need to be validated, and probably used in determined regions, we understand that for regions where productive animals are raised extensively and/ or the number of animals is quite large, neither the skin test nor the gel diffusion test will be able to replace neither standard immunoassays nor fluorescent polarization.…”

Section: The Standard Immunological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

New Scenarios for Brucella suis and Brucella melitensis

Samartino

Arregui

Martino³

2017

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review We pretend to highlight the most important advances reached in the last few years in the biology of Brucella suis and Brucella melitensis and focus attention on new tools for the comprehension, prevention and control of these zoonotic agents. Recent Findings Important progress lately done in the field of pathogenesis is presented here. This involves current studies on proteins involved in the survival and antigenic structure of Brucella, as well as the findings of how Brucella has achieved modifications in order to adapt, replicate, survive and modulate the host´s immune system, improve the knowledge of the performance of these bacteria. Summary Consequently, better approaches for vaccinology and diagnostic techniques are developed. Relevant epidemiological issues based on changes in the highly conserved genome of these bacteria will be valuable tools to describe outbreaks and disease status, along with risk factors that would otherwise be difficult to analyze.

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Diagnostic performance of serological tests for swine brucellosis in the presence of false positive serological reactions

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

A Bacterial Glycoengineered Antigen for Improved Serodiagnosis of Porcine Brucellosis

A Bacterial Glycoengineered Antigen for Improved Serodiagnosis of Porcine Brucellosis

Swine brucellosis: current perspectives

New Scenarios for Brucella suis and Brucella melitensis

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