Different Virucidal Activities of Hyperbranched Quaternary Ammonium Coatings on Poliovirus and Influenza Virus

Tuladhar, E.; Koning, Martijn C. de; Fundeanu, Irina; Beumer, R.R.; Duizer, Erwin

doi:10.1128/aem.07738-11

Cited by 75 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study, we confirmed the higher sensitivity of the enveloped respiratory influenza A virus than of the nonenveloped enteric viruses to disinfection (56), and the complete removal of infectious influenza virus after a single wipe with a 1,000-ppm chlorine solution confirms a recent study that showed complete inactivation of human influenza A viruses by wipes containing 1% bleach (sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide) (27). The two-step procedure consisting of a single wipe with liquid soap followed by a disinfection step using 250-ppm chlorine solution is likely to be a good intervention strategy in cases of viral respiratory disease outbreaks since it reduced the infectivity of both respiratory viruses tested to well below the target level.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Noroviruses are found on different types of surfaces (floors, tables, doorknobs, handles, bed rails, carpets, and curtains) in health care facilities, food production facilities, schools, and the community (7,25,59). Moreover, NoVs, and many other enteric viruses, stay infectious for up to several weeks (19,38,56), which is considered another important factor in environmental transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual Viral and Bacterial Contamination of Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection

Tuladhar

Hazeleger

Koopmans

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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104

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c Environmental surfaces contaminated with pathogens can be sources of indirect transmission, and cleaning and disinfection are common interventions focused on reducing contamination levels. We determined the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection procedures for reducing contamination by noroviruses, rotavirus, poliovirus, parechovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica from artificially contaminated stainless steel surfaces. After a single wipe with water, liquid soap, or 250-ppm free chlorine solution, the numbers of infective viruses and bacteria were reduced by 1 log 10 for poliovirus and close to 4 log 10 for influenza virus. There was no significant difference in residual contamination levels after wiping with water, liquid soap, or 250-ppm chlorine solution. When a single wipe with liquid soap was followed by a second wipe using 250-or 1,000-ppm chlorine, an extra 1-to 3-log 10 reduction was achieved, and except for rotavirus and norovirus genogroup I, no significant additional effect of 1,000 ppm compared to 250 ppm was found. A reduced correlation between reduction in PCR units (PCRU) and reduction in infectious particles suggests that at least part of the reduction achieved in the second step is due to inactivation instead of removal alone. We used data on infectious doses and transfer efficiencies to estimate a target level to which the residual contamination should be reduced and found that a single wipe with liquid soap followed by a wipe with 250-ppm free chlorine solution was sufficient to reduce the residual contamination to below the target level for most of the pathogens tested.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Viral and Bacterial Contamination of Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection

Tuladhar

Hazeleger

Koopmans

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

104

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“…Unlike noroviruses and adenoviruses, influenza viruses have a lipoprotein envelope, which makes them less tolerant to disinfectants than nonenveloped viruses, as has been shown for several disinfectants (5,30,57). In a study on the virucidal activity of rose bengal on influenza viruses, it was proposed that singlet oxygen had a direct effect on the fusion protein of the virus after enrichment of the photosensitizer rose bengal in the viral envelope (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that the predominant route of influenza virus spreading was by airborne transmission, but transfer of infectious influenza virus via frequently touched nonporous surfaces such as door handles and light switches could make contact transmission a key transmission mode (2,4). This conclusion was based on the findings that influenza virus could remain infectious for several days on these surfaces and that contamination levels could be quite high due to sneezing and coughing (4,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorine is considered the most efficient disinfectant against norovirus contamination (31,32); however, the mandated chlorine concentration of 200 ppm chlorine is unlikely to prevent transfer of norovirus on surfaces by wiping (12). For influenza virus, chlorine, but also other cleaning agents such as vinegar and quaternary ammonium, is an effective disinfectant (5,29,30). Not only the disinfectant used but also the wiping cloth affects decontamination efficacies and cross-contamination by wiping (33)(34)(35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wipes Coated with a Singlet-Oxygen-Producing Photosensitizer Are Effective against Human Influenza Virus but Not against Norovirus

Verhaelen

Bouwknegt

Rutjes

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bTransmission of enteric and respiratory viruses, including human norovirus (hNoV) and human influenza virus, may involve surfaces. In food preparation and health care settings, surfaces are cleaned with wipes; however, wiping may not efficiently reduce contamination or may even spread viruses, increasing a potential public health risk. The virucidal properties of wipes with a singlet-oxygen-generating immobilized photosensitizer (IPS) coating were compared to those of similar but uncoated wipes (non-IPS) and of commonly used viscose wipes. Wipes were spiked with hNoV GI.4 and GII.4, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), human adenovirus type 5 (hAdV-5), and influenza virus H1N1 to study viral persistence. We also determined residual and transferred virus proportions on steel carriers after successively wiping a contaminated and an uncontaminated steel carrier. On IPS wipes only, influenza viruses were promptly inactivated with a 5-log 10 reduction. D values of infectious MNV-1 and hAdV-5 were 8.7 and 7.0 h on IPS wipes, 11.6 and 9.3 h on non-IPS wipes, and 10.2 and 8.2 h on viscose wipes, respectively. Independently of the type of wipe, dry cleaning removed, or drastically reduced, initial spot contamination of hNoV on surfaces. All wipes transferred hNoV to an uncontaminated carrier; however, the risk of continued transmission by reuse of wipes after 6 and 24 h was limited for all viruses. We conclude that cleaning wet spots with dry wipes efficiently reduced spot contamination on surfaces but that cross-contamination with noroviruses by wiping may result in an increased public health risk at high initial virus loads. For influenza virus, IPS wipes present an efficient one-step procedure for cleaning and disinfecting contaminated surfaces.

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Inactivation of Foodborne Viruses

Vimont

Fliss

Jean

2014

Practical Food Safety

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Different Virucidal Activities of Hyperbranched Quaternary Ammonium Coatings on Poliovirus and Influenza Virus

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Residual Viral and Bacterial Contamination of Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection

Residual Viral and Bacterial Contamination of Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection

Wipes Coated with a Singlet-Oxygen-Producing Photosensitizer Are Effective against Human Influenza Virus but Not against Norovirus

Inactivation of Foodborne Viruses

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