Inactivation of Foodborne Viruses

Vimont, Allison; Fliss, Ismaı̈l; Jean, Julie

doi:10.1002/9781118474563.ch23

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 178 publications

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“…Similarly, Christian Democrat ministers tend to be favourable to FoRB action in the Council. 14 As with the concept of 'expert religion' , global and domestic policy developments have influenced the framing of the FoRB as an EU policy issue. In 2000, the position of UN Special Rapporteur on FoRB was created, succeeding the Special Rapporteur on religious intolerance created in 1986.…”

Section: Freedom Of Religion and The Christian Minority Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

EU religious engagement in the Southern Mediterranean: Much ado about nothing?

Wolff

2017

Mediterranean Politics

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Since the Arab uprisings, religious engagement is central to EU relations with the Southern Mediterranean. Given that the EU is a liberal-secular power, this article investigates why and how the EU is practising religious engagement and whether it is a rupture with past EU modalities of engagement in the region. The main finding is that EU religious engagement constitutes both a physical and ontological security-seeking practice. This is illustrated in three steps. First, EU's physical security is ensured by the promotion of state-sponsored forms of religion in Morocco and Jordan that aim at moderating Islam. Second, the framing of religion as an expertise issue in the EEAS and European diplomacies reinforces EU's self-identity narrative as a secular power. This self-identity is, however, subject to politicization and framing contestation through the case of Freedom of Religion or Belief and the protection of Christian minorities in the Arab world. Overall, this article finds that EU religious engagement is conducive to selective engagement with some religious actors, which could potentially lead to more insecurities and polarization in the region.

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Section: Freedom Of Religion and The Christian Minority Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

EU religious engagement in the Southern Mediterranean: Much ado about nothing?

Wolff

2017

Mediterranean Politics

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Efficacy and Mechanisms of Murine Norovirus Inhibition by Pulsed-Light Technology

Vimont

Fliss

Jean

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pulsed light is a nonthermal processing technology recognized by the FDA for killing microorganisms on food surfaces, with cumulative fluences up to 12 J cm ؊2 . In this study, we investigated its efficacy for inactivating murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) as a human norovirus surrogate in phosphate-buffered saline, hard water, mineral water, turbid water, and sewage treatment effluent and on food contact surfaces, including high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and stainless steel, free or in an alginate matrix. The pulsed-light device emitted a broadband spectrum (200 to 1,000 nm) at a fluence of 0.67 J cm ؊2 per pulse, with 2% UV at 8 cm beneath the lamp. Reductions in viral infectivity exceeded 3 log 10 in less than 3 s (5 pulses; 3.45 J cm ؊2 ) in clear suspensions and on clean surfaces, even in the presence of alginate, and in 6 s (11 pulses; 7.60 J cm ؊2 ) on fouled surfaces except for stainless steel (2.6 log 10 ). The presence of protein or bentonite interfered with viral inactivation. Analysis of the morphology, the viral proteins, and the RNA integrity of treated MNV-1 allowed us to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the antiviral activity of pulsed light. Pulsed light appeared to disrupt MNV-1 structure and degrade viral protein and RNA. The results suggest that pulsed-light technology could provide an effective alternative means of inactivating noroviruses in wastewaters, in clear beverages, in drinking water, or on food-handling surfaces in the presence or absence of biofilms.H uman noroviruses are responsible for one-fifth of all cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide (1). They spread directly via person-to-person contact (fecal-oral and vomitus-oral) or indirectly through food, water, and the environment (2). Natural biofilms in sewage treatment effluent could be responsible for many persistent waterborne outbreaks, since such biofilms have been found to harbor noroviruses (3, 4). Infection spreads quickly and widely, affecting individuals of all ages, especially where many people gather or live in close proximity, such as in long-term care residences, retirement homes, cruise ships, and the like. Infectious doses as low as 2,800 particles, the high viral loads in feces and vomit (up to 10 9 genomic copies per gram), persistence in the environment, prolonged duration of viral shedding even after symptoms have resolved, and inadequate long-term immunity all contribute to the high incidence of norovirus illness (5). Although the illness is usually mild and self-limiting, the large number of cases per year represents a considerable loss in productivity and constitutes a substantial burden on society (2, 6).Among the physical disinfection processes, pulsed-light treatment appears well suited for the disinfection of food contact surfaces in industrial and health care settings and for decontaminating water and beverages. It has been proposed as a means of nonthermal pasteurization for food preservation and for decontaminating air and packaging materials (7). It has proven effective for inactivati...

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Inactivation of Foodborne Viruses

Cited by 2 publications

References 178 publications

EU religious engagement in the Southern Mediterranean: Much ado about nothing?

EU religious engagement in the Southern Mediterranean: Much ado about nothing?

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Murine Norovirus Inhibition by Pulsed-Light Technology

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