Different Strategies for Different Countries

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the different strategies applied by different countries in combatting corruption. Countries with strong democratic institutions typically have checks and balances in place to curb corruption. The most important checks and balances are access to information, independent and effective judicial systems, freedom of the press, and active civil society. These create transparency and accountability as a result of which abuses can be identified and addressed. In countries with weaker democratic institutions, transparency and accountability are insufficient to bring abuses to the surface until they reach a high level. However, popular support for reforms will be aroused by prominent scandals. In these countries the focus should be on strengthening access to information laws, independence of the judiciary and the media, and civil society organizations. The chapter also covers autocratic governments, China, and working with Russia. It concludes with providing a perspective on long-term strategies.

Changes after Enforcement of Supervision Law in China

“…There is not a uniform definition of corruption, 1 so do the anti-corruption bodies. Countries usually establish supervisory agencies according to their different cultures and facts (Heimann, 2018).…”