Different outcomes of infection of chickens and ducks with a duck-origin H9N2 influenza A virus

Wang, J; Li, C C; Diao, Youxiang; Sun, Xinlei; Hao, D M; Liu, Xiaowei; Ge, Peng

doi:10.4149/av_2014_03_223

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…All these results indicate that the H9N2 AIVs do not replicate efficiently in ducks, and are consistent with previous studies in ducks and chickens [ 11 , 12 ]. Wang et al reported that the virus could be detected in the oropharyngeal swabs collected from the ducks that were intranasally infected with 10 7 EID 50 of different H9N2 AIVs at 2 and 3 dpi [ 11 ]. Only a small proportion of inoculated chickens shed detectable viruses found in the cloacal swabs after intranasal infection with chicken origin H9N2 viruses [ 12 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza virus in ducks

Teng

Shen

Liu

et al. 2015

Virol J

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BackgroundWild ducks play an important role in the evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Domestic ducks in China are known to carry and spread H9N2 AIVs that are thought to have contributed internal genes for the recent outbreak of zoonotic H7N9 virus. In order to protect animal and public health, an effective vaccine is urgently needed to block and prevent the spread of H9N2 virus in ducks. We developed an inactivated H9N2 vaccine (with adjuvant Montanide ISA 70VG) based on an endemic H9N2 AIV and evaluated this vaccine in ducks.FindingsThe results showed that the inactivated H9N2 vaccine was able to induce a strong and fast humoral immune response in vaccinated ducks. The hemagglutination inhibition titer in the sera increased fast, and reached its peak of 12.3 log2 at 5 weeks post-vaccination in immunized birds and remained at a high level for at least 37 weeks post-vaccination. Moreover, viral shedding was completely blocked in vaccinated ducks after challenge with a homologous H9N2 AIV at both 3 and 37 weeks post-vaccination.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the inactivated H9N2 vaccine induces high and prolonged immune response in vaccinated ducks and are efficacious in protecting ducks from H9N2 infection.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza virus in ducks

Teng

Shen

Liu

et al. 2015

Virol J

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“…Similarly, IL-6 and IL-8 were highly upregulated in chickens infected with (A/turkey/England/50-92/91, H5N1-tyEng91) or (A/ turkey/Turkey/1/05, H5N1-tyTR05), but these cytokines were unchanged in infected ducks (Kuchipudi et al, 2014). Previous studies have showed that the expression of IL-6 was associated with the pathogen damage to the organs of host and the replication of virus in organs (Karpala et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014). Here, moderated expression of IL-6 and IL-8 was seen in the two groups of inoculated ducks at 12 HPI and 3 DPI, but significantly higher expression was observed in the DK87-inoculated ducks at 3 DPI (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Biological Characteristics of Novel H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus and Its Pathogenesis in Ducks

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused outbreaks in poultry in the world. Some of these viruses acquired internal genes from other subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) such as H9 and H6 for the generation of novel reassortant viruses and continually circulated in poultry. Here, we applied a duck-origin virus DK87 and a chicken-origin virus CK66 to assess the biological characteristics of novel reassortant H5N6 HPAIVs and its pathogenesis in ducks. A genetic analysis indicated that the HA genes of the two H5N6 HPAIVs were closely related to the H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 circulating in Eastern Asia and classified into H5 AIV/Eastern Asia (EA)-like lineage. Their NA genes fell into Eurasian lineage had close relationship with those of H5N6 viruses circulating in China, Laos, Vietnam, Japan, and Korea. All internal genes of DK87 were aggregated closely with H5 AIV/EA-like viruses. The internal genes (PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) of CK66 were derived from H9N2 AIV/SH98-like viruses and the PB2 were derived from H5 AIV/EA-like viruses. These results indicate that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs have continually evolved and recombined with the H9N2 viruses circulating in Southern China. Pathogenicity test showed that the two viruses displayed a broader tissue distribution in ducks and caused no clinical signs. These results indicated that ducks were permissive for the replication of the chicken-origin reassortant virus CK66 without prior adaptation, but the duck-origin virus DK87-inoculated ducks showed significantly higher viral titers in some organs than the CK66-inoculated ducks at 5 day post-inoculated (DPI). The recovery of viruses from oropharyngea and cloacal swabs of contacted ducks indicated that they transmitted in native ducks by direct contact. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results revealed that the immune-relative genes (PRRs, IFNs, Mx-1, IL-6, and IL-8) in the lungs of inoculated ducks were expressed regardless of virus origin, but the expression of these genes was significantly higher in response to infection with the DK87 virus compared to the CK66 virus at 3 DPI. Overall, we should provide further insights into how clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs undergo genetic and pathogenic variations to prevent outbreaks of this disease.

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“…H9N2 viruses isolated at different times from the same species in the same geographical region presented different evolutionary status, and viruses isolated from different hosts in the same geographical region also exhibited genetic diversity [37]. The outcomes of H9N2 infection on chickens and ducks documented that compared with ducks, the duck-origin H9N2 virus caused more pronounced clinical signs and histological lesions in chickens, with higher levels of cytokines as well as hemagglutination-inhibition future science group www.futuremedicine.com (HI) antibody titers [38]. A decade witnessed the mutation and evolution of H9N2 and revealed that the mutations may render the virus to adapt to new hosts and evade the body's immune system [39].…”

Section: Subtype H9n2mentioning

confidence: 97%

Veterinary Influenza Vaccines Against Avian Influenza in China

Fan¹,

Hu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Future Virol.

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Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious viral illness that affects numerous species of birds, including chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese. Poultry vaccination plays an important role for control of the AI virus and effectively prevents the infection in domestic chickens. However, new, increasingly virulent strains are constantly emerging, for which no vaccines are available. Avian influenza is also responsible for sporadically infecting humans and causing a wide range of clinical outcomes. Here, we review the recent emergence of diverse strains of the AI virus and the use of veterinary vaccines for poultry in China.

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Different outcomes of infection of chickens and ducks with a duck-origin H9N2 influenza A virus

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza virus in ducks

Protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza virus in ducks

The Biological Characteristics of Novel H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus and Its Pathogenesis in Ducks

Veterinary Influenza Vaccines Against Avian Influenza in China

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