Different malaria control activities in an area of Liberia—effects on malariometric parameters

Björkman, Anders; Hedman, Per; Brohult, Johan; Willcox, M.; Diamant, I.; Pehrsson, PehrOlov; Rombo, Lars; Bengtsson, Elias

doi:10.1080/00034983.1985.11811914

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We found significantly elevated concentrations of total IgE in the blood of both children and adults, the mean prevalence of IgE elevation being as high as 85%. While IgE concentrations were up to x20 over those in age-matched controls or even higher, elevation of IgG was at most x2-4 above base line [11]. Although these figures have to be treated with some caution, as base line data for donors of corresponding origin but without previous malaria or other parasitic infections were not available., the IgE concentrations found by us correspond well to those recently reported by Desowitz from Papua New Guinea [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Samples from Liberia (kindly supplied by Drs A. Bjorkman, B. Hogh and E. Pelersen) were from adults living in villages in the Yekepa area of northern Liberia where F. falciparum malaria is holoendemic and perennial [11], A group of 10 Gambian donors with uncomplicated malaria were adult residents of the Wallalan hamlet on the North bank of the Gambia river. These donors had experienced repeated F. falciparum infections since childhood, but none had elinieal malaria when blood was taken at the end of the rainy season [121.…”

Section: Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

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IgE elevation and IgE anti-malarial antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria; association of high IgE levels with cerebral malaria

Perlmann

Helmby

Hagstedt

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

113

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SUMMARYIn the course of studying immunoregulation in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria we have investigated IgE levels and IgE anti-plasmodial antibodies in children and adults from areas of high malaria endeniicity in both Africa and Asia. On average, 85% of all donors had significantly elevated levels of total IgE. A fraction of the IgE had anti-plasmodial activity as revealed by ELISA with lysates of infected crythrocytes as antigen. Using synthetic peptides representing antigenic regions of two major plasmodial blood stage antigens, IgE antibody concentrations ranged from 5 to 15 ng/ml serum for each of the peptides. On average, the concentrations of the corresponding IgG antibodies were x500-I000 higher. Immunobiotting of parasite lysates showed that most donors had IgE antibodies against one or several of a restricted number of plasmodial polypeptides, with antibodies against an antigen of moi.wt 45 kD already being present in all donors at an early age. Donors having IgE antibodies to particular antigens also frequently had corresponding IgG4 arffWvdies. reflecting underlying IL-4-dependent cellular mechanisms controlling formation of these isotypes. As infection with other parasites sueh as helminths is known lo induce IgE elevation, the results do not prove that plasmodial infections were the primary cause of IgE induction. However, the importance of plasmodial infection for IgE elevation was supported by the finding of significantly higher levels of IgE., but not of IgG, in children with cerebral malaria compared with patients with uneomplicated disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

IgE elevation and IgE anti-malarial antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria; association of high IgE levels with cerebral malaria

Perlmann

Helmby

Hagstedt

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

113

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“…It is probable that these were actually cases of P. ovale. Bjorkman et al (10) conducted studies in an area of Liberia and found a prevalence rate in children for P. ovale of 9%. James et al (50) reported that they had worked with strains of P. ovale from Nigeria and Belgian Congo.…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium ovale : Parasite and Disease

2005

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Humans are infected by four recognized species of malaria parasites. The last of these to be recognized and described is Plasmodium ovale. Like the other malaria parasites of primates, this parasite is only transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The prepatent period in the human ranges from 12 to 20 days. Some forms in the liver have delayed development, and relapse may occur after periods of up to 4 years after infection. The developmental cycle in the blood lasts approximately 49 h. An examination of records from induced infections indicated that there were an average of 10.3 fever episodes of ≥101°F and 4.5 fever episodes of ≥104°F. Mean maximum parasite levels were 6,944/μl for sporozoite-induced infections and 7,310/μl for trophozoite-induced infections. Exoerythrocytic stages have been demonstrated in the liver of humans, chimpanzees, and Saimiri monkeys following injection of sporozoites. Many different Anopheles species have been shown to be susceptible to infection with P. ovale, including A. gambiae, A. atroparvus, A. dirus, A. freeborni, A. albimanus, A. quadrimaculatus, A. stephensi, A. maculatus, A. subpictus, and A. farauti. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect mosquitoes infected with P. ovale using a monoclonal antibody directed against the circumsporozoite protein. Plasmodium ovale is primarily distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. It has also been reported from numerous islands in the western Pacific. In more recent years, there have been reports of its distribution on the Asian mainland. Whether or not it will become a major public health problem there remains to be seen. The diagnosis of P. ovale is based primarily on the characteristics of the blood stages and its differentiation from P. vivax. The sometimes elliptical shape of the infected erythrocyte is often diagnostic when combined with other, subtler differences in morphology. The advent of molecular techniques, primarily PCR, has made diagnostic confirmation possible. The development of techniques for the long-term frozen preservation of malaria parasites has allowed the development diagnostic reference standards for P. ovale. Infections in chimpanzees are used to provide reference and diagnostic material for serologic and molecular studies because this parasite has not been shown to develop in other nonhuman primates, nor has it adapted to in vitro culture. There is no evidence to suggest that P. ovale is closely related phylogenetically to any other of the primate malaria parasites that have been examined

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“…Multivariate analyses using a (Bjorkman et al 1985, Cattani et al 1986, Hii et al 1997, Strickland et al 1987, Thompson et al 1997, van der Hoek et al 1998). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Malaria in Belize, 1989-1999

Hakre¹

2003

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Different malaria control activities in an area of Liberia—effects on malariometric parameters

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

IgE elevation and IgE anti-malarial antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria; association of high IgE levels with cerebral malaria

IgE elevation and IgE anti-malarial antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria; association of high IgE levels with cerebral malaria

Plasmodium ovale : Parasite and Disease

The Epidemiology of Malaria in Belize, 1989-1999

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