“…Areas which face this problem include hydrology, where the focus is on water production [McDowell et al, 1986;Bradford et al, 2001;Torkzaban et al, 2007], geothermal engineering, where cold water is pumped through subsurface reservoirs to produce warm water [Mahmoudi et al, 2010;Rosenbrand et al, 2014;Rosenbrand et al, 2015], wellbore drilling [Byrne et al 2007, Civan 2007] and petroleum recovery, where water is injected to maintain reservoir pressure and mobilize additional hydrocarbons by viscous forces [Ahmed and McKinney, 2005;and Iglauer et al 2010]. …”