Different Effects of Aluminum on the Actin Cytoskeleton and Brefeldin A-Sensitive Vesicle Recycling in Root Apex Cells of Two Maize Varieties Differing in Root Elongation Rate and Aluminum Tolerance

Amenós, Montse; Corrales, Isabel; Poschenrieder, Charlotte; Illéš, Peter; Baluška, Frantǐsek; Barceló, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp013

Cited by 85 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…For instance, (1) there is not so much nucleolar material released from nuclei into cytoplasm in Helianthus annuus, and (2) Al toxicity on the nucleoli in root tip cells of A. cepa and V. faba is stronger than one in H. annuus. Amenós et al (2009) indicated that Al was localized inside the nucleoli of root tip cells of Al sensitive maize. The evidence from the present work shows that once many particles of argyrophilic proteins are scattered in the nuclei, root growth in H. annuus can be inhibited, and once a large amount of nucleolar material is extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, root growth is seriously inhibited or the seedlings died.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetical effects of aluminum on root meristem cells of Helianthus annuus L.

et al. 2015

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Different aluminum concentrations (5, 50, and 100 μM), as well as different exposure times (24, 48, and 72 h), were applied to investigate cytogenetical alterations in sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus L.) meristem cells. Nucleolin was also examined under aluminum stress using silver-staining method and indirect immunofl uorescent method. Results showed that the mitotic index decreased progressively when either aluminum concentration or exposure time increased. C-mitosis, anaphase bridges, and chromosome stickiness were observed in the aluminum treated root tip cells. Some particulates containing the argyrophilic NORassociated proteins were distributed in the nucleus of the root-tip cells, and the amount of this particulate material progressively increased with increasing exposure time. Finally, the nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The result also indicated the nucleolar protein nucleolin was translocated from nucleolus to nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, that presence of 50 μM of aluminum for 48 h, suggesting that aluminum disturbed rRNA synthesis and induced the abnormal cellular location of nucleolar protein. The strongly toxic effect of aluminum on the nucleolus can inhibit or stop mitosis, and consequently inhibit root growth. Keywords: aluminum, cytogenetical alterations, mitosis, nucleolin, sunfl ower.Resumen: Diferentes concentraciones de aluminio (5, 50 y 100 μM) y diferentes tiempos de exposición (24, 48 y 72 h) se aplicaron a células meristemáticas de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.), para investigar las alteraciones citogenéticas, en particular, dilucidar sobre la nucleolina. La nucleolina fue estudiada bajo el estrés por aluminio, utilizando el método de tinción con plata y el método de inmunofl uorescencia indirecta. Los resultados mostraron que el índice mitótico disminuyó progresivamente a medida que aumentó la concentración de aluminio o el tiempo de exposición. Se observaron C-mitosis, puentes en la anafase y rigidez en los cromosomas en todas las células de la punta de la raíz tratadas con aluminio. Algunas partículas contienen argirófi las NOR asociadas a proteínas distribuidas en el núcleo de las células del ápice de la raíz. La cantidad de este material granulado aumentó progresivamente a medida que aumentó el tiempo de exposición. Finalmente, el material nucleolar se expulsó desde el núcleo hacia el citoplasma. El resultado también indica que, en presencia de 50 μM de aluminio por 48 h, la proteína nucleolina se transloca desde el nucleolo al nucleoplasma y citoplasma, lo que sugiere que el aluminio altera la síntesis de ARNr e induce la localización celular anormal de la proteína nucleolar. El fuerte efecto tóxico de aluminio en el nucléolo puede inhibir o detener la mitosis, y por consiguiente, inhibir el crecimiento de la raíz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetical effects of aluminum on root meristem cells of Helianthus annuus L.

et al. 2015

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“…Gradually the nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. This may be explained by the effects of Cd 2+ treatment on proteins, causing the NPC to lose selectivity (Amenós et al, 2009;Qin et al, 2010). Finally the material occurred throughout the cytoplasm, eventually leading to cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Root Tip Cells and Some Physiological Indexes in Allium Cepa Var. Agrogarum L.

Yue¹,

Jiang²,

Liu³

2012

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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“…51 A number of experimental data globally indicates that the transition zone of the root may be considered as a sort of sensory center, enabling the root apex to continuously monitor environment parameters and to trigger appropriate responses. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] Future studies will be needed to deepen the role of this unique root zone in translating the external stimuli in motoric responses.…”

Section: The Root Transition Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

NO signaling is a key component of the root growth response to nitrate inZea maysL.

Trevisan

Manoli

Quaggiotti

2014

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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To search for nutrients and water, roots need to efficiently explore large soil volumes. To this aim they generate complex root systems, allowing them to maximize their resource allocation efficiency. 1 Despite the vital importance of roots, the difficulty in accessing intact root systems for analysis, particularly under field conditions, have slowed down the breeding programs for plant's adaptation to environmental restrictions. 2,3 The capacity of plants to take up nutrients and water is mainly determined by changes in the architecture of the root system. 1 Three major processes affect the overall architecture of the root system: the rate of cell division, the rate of cell differentiation, and the extent of expansion and elongation of cells. [4][5][6] Disturbs in any of these 3 processes can affect the whole root-system architecture and the capacity of plants to survive and develop in adverse environments (Giehl et al. 7 and references therein).The root system results from the coordinated control of both genetic endogenous programs (regulating growth and organogenesis) and the action of abiotic and biotic environmental stimuli. 8,9 The dynamic control of the overall root system architecture (RSA) throughout time finally determines root plasticity and allows plants to efficiently adapt to environmental constraints. 10 The soil-environment from which plants extract nutrients and water is extremely heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally. 11 Among the nutrients present in soil, nitrate (NO 3 − ) may vary by an order of magnitude within centimeters or over the course of a day. 12 The effects of NO 3 − on the root system are complex and depend on several factors, such as the concentration available to the plant, the endogenous nitrogen status and the sensitivity of the species. 10,13,14 A considerable part of the studies aimed to unravel the mechanisms controlling RSA growth and development in response to nitrate have been focused on lateral roots (LR), 8,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20] while the nitrate-regulation of the primary root growth is still unclear. Beside NO 3 − , auxin has been demonstrated to strongly affect and control the LR development, [21][22][23][24] and an increasing number of studies suggests an overlap between auxin and NO 3 − signaling pathways in controlling LR development. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] NO 3 -has a Doubtful Role in Regulating the Growth of Primary RootsDespite the high amount of reports published on nitrate effects on root elongation, the lack of univocal results makes it difficult to clearly decipher this response ( Table 1). In Arabidopsis thaliana, inhibition of primary root growth has been observed when nitrate is applied homogeneously at high concentrations (50 mM) for 7 d, but not in a range between 0.1 and 10 mM. 35 On the contrary, in this same species Linkohr et al. 36 showed an inhibition of primary root elongation with the increase of nitrate concentration already beyond 0.01 mM, but in this case seedlings were IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; SNP, sodium n...

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Different Effects of Aluminum on the Actin Cytoskeleton and Brefeldin A-Sensitive Vesicle Recycling in Root Apex Cells of Two Maize Varieties Differing in Root Elongation Rate and Aluminum Tolerance

Cited by 85 publications

References 61 publications

Cytogenetical effects of aluminum on root meristem cells of Helianthus annuus L.

Cytogenetical effects of aluminum on root meristem cells of Helianthus annuus L.

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Root Tip Cells and Some Physiological Indexes in Allium Cepa Var. Agrogarum L.

NO signaling is a key component of the root growth response to nitrate inZea maysL.

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