Different ecophysiological and structural strategies of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) strains assessed under culture conditions

Jacinavicius, Fernanda Rios; Chow, Fungyi; Costa, Guilherme Borges da; Kalume, Dário Eluan; Rigonato, Janaína; Schmidt, Éder C.; Sant’Anna, Célia Leite

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101548

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…An alternative explanation to the existence of multiple structural variants is that large variation allows for rapid adaptation to sudden environmental changes, such as nutrient pulses. Many studies have shown that microcystins are involved in the cell metabolism (e.g., [35,63,64]), which supports this explanation. However, to date there is no information regarding the role of different MC variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

High Diversity of Microcystin Chemotypes within a Summer Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis botrys

Johansson

Legrand

Björnerås

et al. 2019

Toxins

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The fresh-water cyanobacterium Microcystis is known to form blooms world-wide, and is often responsible for the production of microcystins found in lake water. Microcystins are non-ribosomal peptides with toxic effects, e.g. on vertebrates, but their function remains largely unresolved. Moreover, not all strains produce microcystins, and many different microcystin variants have been described. Here we explored the diversity of microcystin variants within Microcystis botrys, a common bloom-former in Sweden. We isolated a total of 130 strains through the duration of a bloom in eutrophic Lake Vomb, and analyzed their microcystin profiles with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that microcystin producing (28.5%) and non-producing (71.5%) M. botrys strains, co-existed throughout the bloom. However, microcystin producing strains were more prevalent towards the end of the sampling period. Overall, 26 unique M. botrys chemotypes were identified, and while some chemotypes re-occurred, others were found only once. The M. botrys chemotypes showed considerable variation both in terms of number of microcystin variants, as well as in what combinations the variants occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first report on microcystin chemotype variation and dynamics in M. botrys. In addition, our study verifies the co-existence of microcystin and non-microcystin producing strains, and we propose that environmental conditions may be implicated in determining their composition. Key Contribution:This study demonstrates that a single bloom of Microcystis botrys consists of strains with different microcystin chemotypes, each producing from zero up to 12 different microcystin variants. We established that microcystin and non-microcystin producing strains co-occur, and that the chemotype composition varies during the bloom.Toxins 2019, 11, 698 2 of 16 bloom-forming cyanobacteria, and that harmful blooms will increase both in frequency and duration, due to direct and indirect effects of changes in hydrological cycling, increased water temperatures, and nutrient loading [4][5][6][7][8][9].In addition to forming dense blooms which can deteriorate water quality per se, many cyanobacterial genera produce secondary metabolites with significant bioactivity and toxicity to aquatic organisms and humans [10][11][12][13][14]. In freshwaters, microcystins are among the most common cyanotoxins [7,15]. These inhibit the eukaryotic protein phosphatases 1 and 2a, and have hepatotoxic effects in vertebrates [10,16,17]. Drinking water from surface water supplies must therefore be checked for microcystin content, and may not be higher than 1 µg microcystin L −1 according to WHO regulation. Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides (Figure 1) and are produced by several cyanobacteria including Microcystis, Planktothrix, and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) [14,18,19]. The common structure and biosynthetic pathway of microcystin synthesis in these genera have been described [20][21][22][23][24][25]. In Microcystis, the microcystin synthetase gene cluster co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

High Diversity of Microcystin Chemotypes within a Summer Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis botrys

Johansson

Legrand

Björnerås

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…Studies on the use of cellular material in blooms are scarce, mainly due to the risk of cyanotoxins' presence [8,9]. Nonetheless, some cyanobacteria strains, for example, the LTPNA 01, LTPNA 03, LTPNA 05, and CCIBt3106 strains of the Microcystis aeruginosa species, do not produce cyanotoxins [10,11]. Jacinavicius et al [10] suggest that without the extra cost of synthesizing microcystins, such non-toxic strains could invest in nutrient reserves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Microcystis aeruginosa for Feed and Energy Uses

et al. 2021

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Cyanobacterial blooms and strains absorb carbon dioxide, drawing attention to its use as feed for animals and renewable energy sources. However, cyanobacteria can produce toxins and have a low heating value. Herein, we studied a cyanobacterial strain harvested during a bloom event and analyzed it to use as animal feed and a source of energy supply. The thermal properties and the contents of total nitrogen, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acids, lipid, and the presence of cyanotoxins were investigated in the Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 01 strain and in a bloom material. Microcystins (hepatotoxins) were not detected in this strain nor in the bloom material by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that degradation reactions (devolatilization) initiated at around 180 °C, dropping from approximately 90% to 20% of the samples’ mass. Our work showed that despite presenting a low heating value, both biomass and non-toxic M. aeruginosa LTPNA 01 could be used as energy sources either by burning or producing biofuels. Both can be considered a protein and carbohydrate source similar to some microalgae species as well as biomass fuel. It could also be used as additive for animal feed; however, its safety and potential adverse health effects should be further investigated.

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“…GVs can assemble into ordered superstructures intracellularly in both native cyanobacteria and heterologous mammalian cells (Fig. 1, a and b; (15,18,25)). Besides its fundamental interest, this packing has important implications for imaging applications, as the nanoscale spatial arrangement of contrast agents influences their interactions with ultrasound, light, and nuclear spins (17,20,21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembly of protein superstructures by physical interactions under cytoplasm-like conditions

Yao

Jin

Ling

et al. 2021

Biophysical Journal

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Different ecophysiological and structural strategies of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) strains assessed under culture conditions

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

High Diversity of Microcystin Chemotypes within a Summer Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis botrys

High Diversity of Microcystin Chemotypes within a Summer Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis botrys

Chemical Characterization of Microcystis aeruginosa for Feed and Energy Uses

Self-assembly of protein superstructures by physical interactions under cytoplasm-like conditions

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