Different diets with and without inclusion of antimicrobial additives alter the toxicity of swine manure to springtails and earthworms

Abstract

The objective of this study was to measure the impact on part of soil fauna of application of non-stabilized (fresh) manure from post-weaning pigs fed diets formulated with or without dual-purpose wheat, and with or without the use of antimicrobial growth-promoting additives (100 mg kg-1 doxycycline + 50 mg kg-1 colistin + 250 mg kg-1 Zn oxide). Two species of edaphic organisms were evaluated, the springtails Folsomia candida and the earthworms Eisenia andrei, using ecotoxicological avoidance behavior tests. The treatments were swine manure from: RR: Reference Ration; WR: Wheat Reference; RA: Reference Ration + Antimicrobial Additives; WA: Wheat Reference + Antimicrobial Additives). The doses of waste used for treatments were as follows: 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 65 and 100 m³ ha-1 for the springtails and 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 65 m³ ha-1 for the earthworms, applied in the Oxisol. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates. The use of non-stabilized swine manure did not affect the avoidance behavior of F. candida at any dose, regardless of the use of antimicrobial or wheat additives. For E. andrei, there was avoidance behavior at all treatments and doses used. These avoidance behaviors were related to the sensitivity of each species of soil organism. The avoidance behavior for earthworms was related to the doses of non-stabilized swine manure in soil and not to the various diets and/or the use of growth-promoting additives.

Manure management and soil biodiversity: Towards more sustainable food systems in the EU

“…Variables impacting soil biodiversity are intertwined, therefore, focusing only on one parameter is not sufficient to predict effects. Various factors such as the dose, the composition of manure and the type of soil must be considered (Serafini et al, 2020). We divided variables depending on two management phases: 1) Management I considers variables managed in the pre-spreading phase (manure type, storage and treatment)…”

“…Amendments to manure enhance its organic matter content, which can either be added manually (Michel Jr et al, 2004) or by incorporating the bedding material such as straw, woodchips and sawdust (Petric et al, 2009). Replacing proteins with wheat in pig diets had no impact on tested Collembola and earthworm species (Serafini et al, 2020). Both cattle manure and swine manures add high amounts of organic carbon, but cattle manure contained higher amounts of dissolved organic carbon (Kim et al, 2014).…”

“…The doses of unstabilised swine manure had a more significant impact on earthworms compared to the effects of varying diets and the use of antibiotic growth-promoting additives (Serafini et al, 2020). Also, for collembolans, toxicity increases with the quantity of pig manure, whereby doses of 50, 75 and 100 t ha − 1 caused 100% mortality (Maccari et al, 2020).…”