Different Detection and Treatment Methods for &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Entamoeba histolytica&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Entamoeba dispar&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; in Water/Wastewater: A Review

Chowdhury, Rakib Ahmed; Esiobu, Nwadiuto; Meeroff, Daniel E.; Bloetscher, Fred

doi:10.4236/jep.2022.131008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…dispar was reported to be a pioneering agent in the formation of biofilms, as observed in an industrial wastewater deep injection disposal well in Florida where it was the most abundant microorganism. This aspect is probably implied in the occurrence and persistence of this microorganism in water [163].…”

Section: Drinking Water Involvement In Entamoeba Spp Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Rossi,

Amadoro,

Santonicola

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This review summarizes the most recent developments of research on protozoan parasite infections ac-quired through food and drinking water and is aimed at gathering updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for prevention. Reports included dated from 2019 to the present and regarded recent outbreaks and cases of severe infec-tions, prevalence in different population segments and food handlers, and occurrence in food and drinking water. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii were the microorganisms most frequently involved in large outbreaks and/or severe infections, while Cyclospora cayetanensis was most frequently involved in single case reports. Cystoisospora belli was implied in severe infections in immunocompromised patients, while Blastocystis homi-nis, Sarcocystis spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Endolimax nana and Pentatrichomonas hominis appeared to be less relevant for number of symptomatic infections and pathogenic potential. A progressive improvement in surveillance of protozoan infections and infection sources was highlighted, especially in developed countries. The apparent increase in cases was concomitant with the implementa-tion of reporting systems and the application of molecular diagnostic methods that represent valuable in-struments for establishing epidemiological links and preventing or limiting outbreaks. The pathogenic role and sources of infection should be better elucidated for some species.

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Section: Drinking Water Involvement In Entamoeba Spp Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Rossi,

Amadoro,

Santonicola

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Therefore, a simplification and evolution of such methods towards the identification of the parasite is desirable. It must be noted that standardized methods of elution and concentration from water had not yet been developed for some protozoans, such as Entamoeba species [210]. A recent study demonstrated that dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) coupled with quantitative PCR allowed consistent detection of C. cayetanensis DNA in surface water samples [237].…”

Section: Methods For the Detection/identification Of Protozoans In Fo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and Drinking Water as Sources of Pathogenic Protozoans: An Update

Rossi,

Santonicola,

Amadoro

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This narrative review was aimed at collecting updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for the prevention of protozoan infections transmitted by food and drinking water. Reports screened dated from 2019 to the present and regarded global prevalence in food handlers, occurrence in food and drinking water, impact on human health, and recently reported outbreaks and cases of severe infections attributable to the dietary route. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cystoisospora belli were the protozoans most frequently involved in recently reported waterborne and foodborne outbreaks and cases. Blastocystis hominis was reported to be the most widespread intestinal protozoan in humans, and two case reports indicated its pathogenic potential. Dientamoeba fragilis, Endolimax nana, and Pentatrichomonas hominis are also frequent but still require further investigation on their ability to cause illness. A progressive improvement in surveillance of protozoan infections and infection sources took place in developed countries where the implementation of reporting systems and the application of molecular diagnostic methods led to an enhanced capacity to identify epidemiological links and improve the prevention of foodborne and waterborne protozoan infections.

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Discharges of Wastewater Treatment Plants Needed Further Monitoring to Minimize Potential Risk of Entamoeba and Blastocystis for Public Health

Onursal,

Icgen

2024

Environ. Health

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The protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Blastocystis hominis are responsible for causing human amebiasis and hominis infections, respectively. These infections are highly prevalent and are often linked to waterborne diseases. Due to the absence of regulations for monitoring these protozoa at the discharge points of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the effluents reaching surface waters contribute to waterborne transmission. This underscores the significance of the removal capacities of WWTPs in reducing the spread of these infectious parasites. Therefore, this study examined five different types of WWTPs in Ankara, Turkey, over a year to assess their capacities to remove E. histolytica and B. hominis. The seasonal abundances of genes specific to these protozoa in both the influents and effluents of each WWTP were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The reduction in the number of protozoan rDNA copies between the influent and effluent samples was evaluated as the removal capacity, expressed in log10 reduction (LRV) values. The results elucidated that the removal of E. histolytica and B. hominis was highly affected by the process used. Membrane bioreactor systems displayed the highest removal capacity with LRV > 3. Therefore, discharges of WWTPs with other processes could need further monitoring to minimize the potential risk for public health.

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Different Detection and Treatment Methods for <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> in Water/Wastewater: A Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Food and Drinking Water as Sources of Pathogenic Protozoans: An Update

Discharges of Wastewater Treatment Plants Needed Further Monitoring to Minimize Potential Risk of Entamoeba and Blastocystis for Public Health

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