Differences of Salivary Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients: Periodontal Installation, Faculty Of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Periodontal disease can be divided into gingivitis and periodontitis. In oral tissue, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the first defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Activated PMNs produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the destruction of periodontal tissue via various mechanisms and oxidative stress. Hosts are able to release antioxidants to eliminate ROS; one of the most effective antioxidants is superoxide dismutase (SOD). Previous studies have suggested that antioxidant levels, including SOD, are higher for periodontitis than for gingivitis or healthy people. In contrast, previous research has also found that levels of antioxidants, including SOD, were higher in healthy people followed by gingivitis and then periodontitis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in salivary SOD levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. There were 44 subjects: 22 with gingivitis and 22 with periodontitis recruited from the periodontal installation of the Dentistry Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. All subjects' periodontal tissues were examined to determine their periodontal status. Subjects were sampled by collecting 2 ml of saliva and salivary SOD levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. The data was analysed using an independent t-test. Result: The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between salivary SOD levels of gingivitis patients (12.44±4.43, p=0.377) and periodontitis patients (9.19±3.74, p=0.228). Salivary SOD levels were higher in patients with gingivitis than for patients with periodontitis.

Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Human Health and Disease

“…The first line of defense in oral tissue against pathogenic microorganisms is polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). When PMNs are activated, they produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress, one of the main pathological patterns that cause periodontal tissue destruction [ 76 , 77 ]. RCS are also associated with periodontal damage.…”

The Impact of Competitive Sports on Oral Health: Exploring Their Relationship with Salivary Oxidative Stress in Children

“…This decrease in SOD activity may impair the antioxidant defense system in the oral cavity, making the teeth more susceptible to acid-induced demineralization and the development of dental caries. [27,28]. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measures the free radical-neutralization ability of the endogenous antioxidant system, comprised of a sulfhydryl group (primarily albumin), carotenoids, ascorbate, bilirubin, α-tocopherol, retinol, urate, and some proteins.…”