Differences in traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors of subjects discordantly classified by metabolic syndrome definitions of the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program

Boronat, Mauro; Saavedra, Pedro; Varillas, V.F.; Wägner, Ana María; López-Plasencia, Yaiza; Alberiche, Maria; Nóvoa, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.07.010

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This finding differs from other studies which reported similar prevalences in both sexes [28,35,38] or, on the contrary, a higher prevalence in women then in men [30,31,33,39]. As with other studies, prevalence of MS and of each of its components was observed to increase with age and be higher among the population with a low education level.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Murcia Region, a southern European Mediterranean area with low cardiovascular risk and high obesity

et al. 2011

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BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with subsequent appearance of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As compared to other Spanish regions, Murcia (southern Spain) registers increased obesity as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MS and its components, awareness of obesity as a health risk and associated lifestyles.MethodsA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2003, covering a sample of 1555 individuals 20 years and over. MS was defined according to the Revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (R-ATPIII), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Both low (94/80) and high (102/88) waist circumference (WC) thresholds were considered.ResultsPrevalence of MS was 27.2% (95%CI: 25.2-29.2), 32.2% (95%CI: 30.1-34.3) and 33.2% (95%CI: 31.2-35.3) according to the R-ATPIII, IDF and JIS94/80 respectively. It increased with age until reaching 52.6% (R-ATPIII) or 60.3% (JIS94/80) among persons aged 70 years and over, and was higher in persons with little or no formal education (51.7% R-ATPIII, 57.3% JIS94/80). The most common risk factors were hypertension (46.6%) and central obesity (40.7% and 66.1% according to high and low WC cut-off points respectively). Although most persons were aware that obesity increased health risks, regular exercise was very unusual (13.0% centrally obese, 27.2% non-centrally obese). Adherence to dietary recommendations was similar among centrally obese and non-centrally obese subjects.ConclusionsPrevalence of MS is high in our population, is comparable to that found in northern Europe and varies with the definition used. Adherence to preventive recommendations and to adequate weight promotion is very low. In the absence of a specific treatment for MS, integrated intervention based on a sustained increase in physical activity and changes in diet should be reinforced.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Murcia Region, a southern European Mediterranean area with low cardiovascular risk and high obesity

et al. 2011

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“…Table 4 (35) presents the results for total, circulatory disease, and cancer mortality (results of covariates did not show much significance for other causes and are omitted). The significance of these risk factors varies by age and cause.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… BP = blood pressure; CRP = C-reactive protein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; N/A = not available. * Statistically significant results. † Missing categories are omitted because they are the same missing respondents as creatinine and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. ‡ Clinical high-risk cutoff points are sex specific: 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women (35). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Sex Gaps in Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Over the Life Span in the United States

Yang

Kozloski

2012

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE Previous research has led to the expectation that the gap in mortality between sexes narrows in older ages as sex differences in fecundity decrease. However, the patterns and explanations of variations in sex disparities in mortality across the life span and underlying causes of death are not well understood. We conducted a population-based study to further test this hypothesis. METHODS By using a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 25,254) with mortality follow-ups for 18 years, we modeled age variations in sex differences in risks of mortality from leading causes of death. RESULTS Male excesses in mortality decrease at older ages significantly for some but not all causes. Differential exposures to social, physiological, and morbidity risk factors account for the late life reductions of the sex mortality gaps completely in circulatory diseases, partially or minimally in the other causes of death. Social status and relationship are more important risk factors for mortality in younger ages, health behaviors are significant for all ages, and physiological dysregulation is more predictive of mortality in older ages. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in the risk of mortality have strong age variations and are cause specific. Additional studies of age acceleration of cancer mortality risk are needed.

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“…However, all definitions are to some degree suitable for the early detection of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases [13], [14]. Boronat et al showed that the IDF definition identifies a surplus of individuals whose cardiovascular risk profile, particularly regarding some non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, is less adverse than that observed in subjects also diagnosed by the NCEP ATP III definition [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Menarche and Its Association with the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Results from the KORA F4 Study

et al. 2011

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ObjectiveThe metabolic syndrome is a major public health challenge and identifies persons at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between age at menarche and the metabolic syndrome (IDF and NCEP ATP III classification) and its components.Design1536 women aged 32 to 81 years of the German population based KORA F4 study were investigated. Data was collected by standardized interviews, physical examinations, and whole blood and serum measurements.ResultsYoung age at menarche was significantly associated with elevated body mass index (BMI), greater waist circumference, higher fasting glucose levels, and 2 hour glucose (oral glucose tolerance test), even after adjusting for the difference between current BMI and BMI at age 25. The significant effect on elevated triglycerides and systolic blood pressure was attenuated after adjustment for the BMI change. Age at menarche was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome adjusting for age (p-values: <0.001 IDF, 0.003 NCEP classification) and additional potential confounders including lifestyle and reproductive history factors (p-values: 0.001, 0.005). Associations remain significant when additionally controlling for recollected BMI at age 25 (p-values: 0.008, 0.033) or the BMI change since age 25 (p-values: 0.005, 0.022).ConclusionYoung age at menarche might play a role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. This association is only partially mediated by weight gain and increased BMI. A history of early menarche may help to identify women at risk for the metabolic syndrome.

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Differences in traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors of subjects discordantly classified by metabolic syndrome definitions of the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Murcia Region, a southern European Mediterranean area with low cardiovascular risk and high obesity

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Murcia Region, a southern European Mediterranean area with low cardiovascular risk and high obesity

Change of Sex Gaps in Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Over the Life Span in the United States

Age at Menarche and Its Association with the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Results from the KORA F4 Study

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