Differences in Risk Factors for Dementia with Neurodegenerative Traits and for Vascular Dementia

Abstract

In 229 patients with dementia and in 144 control subjects, polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor-related protein, α₂-macroglobulin, interleukin (IL) 1β, angiotensin-converting enzyme and of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase genes were investigated. In plasma, antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae and lipids were determined. Dementia was classified as probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD), probable dementia of vascular origin (VaD) and mixed dementia (MD). An association of the disease with ApoE and IL-1β polymorphism and increased levels of LDL cholesterol were observed in AD and in MD but not in VaD.

The MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributes to an increased risk for vascular dementia: A meta-analysis

“…Ten out of 11 studies were full-length reports in peer-reviewed journals, and one scientific dissertation. Six out of the 11 studies, including 333 cases and 424 controls, involved Caucasian populations [28][29][30][31][32][33]. The other five studies, consisting of 339 cases and 614 controls [34][35][36][37][38], were conducted in Asian populations.…”

“…VaD was diagnosed by one of the following criteria such as National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke with the Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria (NINDS-AIREN) [28,[31][32][33]35,37,38], Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) [29], Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised Edition (DSM-III-R) [34], the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) [36] or Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) [37]. One study [30] did not mention the specific diagnostic criteria but description of using sets of neuropsychological battery.…”

“…Among the 11 studies included in the review, three examined the levels of tHcy [29,32,35]; two reported the status of tHcy, folate and vitamin B12 [30,37]; six explored simultaneously the role of other genes in VaD [28,31,33,34,36,38]; and one emphasized the status of plasma lipid and lipoprotein in samples [33]. Yoo et al [35] found that the TT genotype increased the risk for VaD under the higher level of tHcy (≥15.0 μmol/L).…”

Interleukin-1 Gene –511 CT Polymorphism and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Polish Population

“…Studies analyzing a link between the IL-1 ␤ (-511 C/T) polymorphism and the risk of AD are controversial [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15] . The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible association between the IL-1 ␤ (-511 C/T) SNP and the risk of AD in a casecontrol study in a large Polish population.…”

Associations of cytokine genes with Alzheimer's disease and depression in an elderly Korean population

“…Although a meta-analysis reported no association with AD, the heterogeneity of these studies should be considered in the interpretation of results 30. Considering IL-1β +3953C/T, although the TT genotype increased the risk of AD in two previous reports,7 31 only one of these studies found a statistically significant difference 7. Another study found no association between IL-1β +3953C/T and AD 9.…”