Differences in Responses to Colors and to their Names: Some Racial Comparisons

Telford, C. W.

doi:10.1080/08856559.1930.10532229

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…281.) As pointed out by Telford (1930), the results published by Peterson (1925, p. 281) and also those published by Lund (1927, p. 425) confirm Peterson’s interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…281. ) As pointed out by Telford (1930), the results published by Peterson (1925, p. 281) and also those published by Lund (1927, p. 425) confirm Peterson's interpretation. Ligon (1932) has published results of a 'genetic study' of naming colors and reading color names in which he used 638 subjects from school grades 1 to 9 inclusive.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Several studies have been published which were not primarily studies of interference, but which employed materials that were similar in nature to those employed in this research, and which are concerned with why it takes more time to name colors than to read color names. Several of these studies have been reviewed recently by Telford (1930) and by Ligon (1932). Only the vital point of these studies will be mentioned here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.

Stroop¹

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

6,512

7,701

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“…281.) As pointed out by Telford (1930), the results published by Peterson (1925, p. 281) and also those published by Lund (1927, p. 425) confirm Peterson’s interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.

Stroop¹

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

6,512

7,701

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“…Perhaps they had in mind what Peterson, Lanier, and Walker (1925) suggested: that many responses might be conditioned to a single color, but only one response was conditioned to a single word. Telford (1930), a student of Peterson's, also adopted this interpretation. An earlier variation on this was put forth by Woodworth and Wells (1911, p. 52), who argued that the few color names typically used in these experiments "all are equally ready and get in one another's way.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review.

MacLeod

1991

Psychological Bulletin

4,735

165

3,607

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The literature on interference in the Stroop Color-Word Task, covering over 50 years and some 400 studies, is organized and reviewed. In so doing, a set ofl 8 reliable empirical findings is isolated that must be captured by any successful theory of the Stroop effect. Existing theoretical positions are summarized and evaluated in view of this critical evidence and the 2 major candidate theories--relative speed of processing and automaticity of reading--are found to be wanting. It is concluded that recent theories placing the explanatory weight on parallel processing of the irrelevant and the relevant dimensions are likely to be more successful than are earlier theories attempting to locate a single bottleneck in attention.In 1935, J. R. Stroop published his landmark article on attention and interference, an article more influential now than it was then. Why has the Stroop task continued to fascinate us? Perhaps the task is seen as tapping into the primitive operations of cognition, offering clues to the fundamental process of attention. Perhaps the robustness of the phenomenon provides a special challenge to decipher. Together these are powerful attractions in a field of complex phenomena where the most subtie variation may exert a dramatic effect.In writing this article, I have two primary intentions. The first is to create a taxonomy of the empirical work on the Stroop task and its analogs. At least 70% of the more than 700 Strooprelated articles in the literature have been published since the reviews by Dyer (1973c) and Jensen and Rohwer (1966). Furthermore, Dyer's theoretical framework now seems in need of reconsideration, so that his review no longer provides the optimal organization. The second aim, then, is to survey existing theories, showing the critical weaknesses in the standard explanations and dispelling some myths that have arisen. I argue for a new theoretical framework for the Stroop effect, informed by contemporary cognitive psychology. This framework is more comprehensive than many earlier experiment-specific hypotheses, and suggests directions in which future research might profitably proceed.

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Reaction time for numerical coding and naming of numerals.

Windes

1968

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Differences in Responses to Colors and to their Names: Some Racial Comparisons

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.

Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.

Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review.

Reaction time for numerical coding and naming of numerals.

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