Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mateo-Orcajada, Adrián; González-Gálvez, Noelia; Cano, Lucía Abenza; Vaquero-Cristóbal, Raquel

doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01552-7

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Although scientific research conducted to date has demonstrated the importance of the practice of physical activity for adolescents, few studies have analyzed the differences between active and sedentary adolescents, and also have limitations that make it difficult to extrapolate the results to adolescents aged 12–16 years old, such as the use of different methodologies to measure the study variables; the small sample size; the different age ranges; or the inclusion of a disparate number of adolescent boys and girls, or adolescents of only one sex [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the “Fat but Fit” Paradigm

Mateo-Orcajada

Vaquero-Cristóbal

Esparza-Ros

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The practice of physical activity during adolescence is essential for the proper development of the population. In recent decades, the relevance of physical activity has been increasing, due to the development of the “fat but fit” paradigm. This paradigm shows that adolescents with a high level of physical fitness are healthier than adolescents with poorer physical fitness, regardless of their weight, giving importance to sports practice over other aspects. However, few previous studies have analyzed the differences in physical and body composition between active and sedentary adolescents in this paradigm. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were to establish the differences in body composition, physical performance, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet between active and sedentary adolescents; and to analyze the differences between active and sedentary adolescents according to the “fat but fit” paradigm. The sample consisted of 791 adolescent whose body composition, level of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness were measured. It was found significant between active and sedentary adolescents in most of the anthropometric, AMD, and physical fitness variables, with a significant effect of the covariates gender, age, BMI, and biological maturation on the model. The binary logistic regression analysis performed shows that anthropometric variables, AMD, and VO2 max can be considered as primary outcomes to distinguish between active and sedentary groups of adolescents. Furthermore, the results showed that the active adolescents, regardless of their weight status, had lower fat mass and greater muscle mass, as well as a higher performance in the physical fitness tests, and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet than the sedentary adolescents. To conclude, the practice of physical activity is a determinant for the improvement of body composition, physical performance, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of the adolescent population, regardless of their gender, age, weight, or maturity status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the “Fat but Fit” Paradigm

Mateo-Orcajada

Vaquero-Cristóbal

Esparza-Ros

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…High motor competence, on the other hand, enables children to engage in more physical activity over time, which enhances physical fitness and facilitates the maintenance of a healthy body weight. Accordingly, a recent review showed significantly higher fitness levels and lower body weight, and particularly body fat, in active compared to inactive adolescents [ 50 ]. The fact that low physical activity tracks from childhood into adolescence and adulthood [ 51 ], and increases the risk for various health problems later in life [ 52 ], further emphasizes the need for early intervention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years

Drenowatz

Chen

Cocca

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Physical fitness and body weight are key correlates of health. Nevertheless, an increasing number of children display poor physical fitness and high body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the prospective association of physical fitness with body weight throughout the elementary school years with a special emphasis on children with high body weight or poor physical fitness at baseline. A total of 303 Austrian children (55.1% male) completed the German motor test up to eight times over a 4-year time span (between the ages 6 and 10 years). Physical fitness did not differ across quartiles of body weight at baseline. A more pronounced weight gain, however, was associated with an impaired development of physical fitness and this association was more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. In addition, the detrimental effects of an impaired development of physical fitness on subsequent body weight were more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. No differences in the longitudinal association between body weight and physical fitness, on the other hand, were observed across quartiles of baseline fitness. These results emphasize the importance of the promotion of physical fitness, particularly in children with increased body weight, to ensure future health.

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“… 12 , 13 Evidence has shown that changes in PF and body composition occur as a result of the maturation process. 14 However, to achieve higher PF and healthy body composition, adolescents have to participate in regular PA. 15 Accordingly, an active lifestyle improves children and adolescents’ metabolic, musculoskeletal, psychosocial, cardiac and cognitive health. 16 , 17 Despite the health-related benefit of PA and its relationship with PF, it is estimated that 81% of young Europeans do not engage in sufficient daily PA. 18 Participation in extracurricular structured sports after school is a common formula used by rural public organizations for improving the PA levels of children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 , 17 Despite the health-related benefit of PA and its relationship with PF, it is estimated that 81% of young Europeans do not engage in sufficient daily PA. 18 Participation in extracurricular structured sports after school is a common formula used by rural public organizations for improving the PA levels of children and adolescents. 15 Newer evidence suggests that adolescents enrolled in extracurricular sports activities show low levels of PF or poor body composition values, 19 probably due to a combination of unhealthy behaviours, such as lack of engaging in 60 min of moderate to vigorous PA every day, excessive screen time, or sitting time and higher energy intake. 20 Nonetheless, further research is needed to confirm this evidence and to understand the current habits of the young rural population participating in extracurricular sports, and whether these changes according to age and sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in body composition and physical fitness parameters among prepubertal and pubertal children engaged in extracurricular sports: the active health study

Manzano-Carrasco

García-Unanue

López-Fernández

et al. 2022

European Journal of Public Health

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Background This study aimed to analyze the associations of maturity status, chronological age and sex with physical fitness and body composition among active children. Methods A total of 1682 children (72% boys; age = 11.22 ± 2.64 years; height = 147.57 ± 15.87 cm; weight = 44.55 ± 15.29 kg) from rural areas participating in extracurricular sports were divided into four groups according to their sex and maturity status (prepubertal and pubertal according to stages described by Tanner). Body composition (body mass index, muscle mass and fat mass) and physical fitness (20-m shuttle-run test, handgrip strength and vertical jump) were assessed using standardized procedures. A two-way ANOVA and product–moment correlations were performed. Results Prepubertal boys had more fat mass (%) than pubertal boys [P<0.001; effect size (ES): 0.45], while prepubertal girls had more muscle mass (%) than pubertal girls (P<0.001; ES: 0.47). The pubertal group displayed higher fitness outcomes (absolute values) regardless of sex (P<0.05). However, the prepubertal group had higher percentile values in the 20-m shuttle-run test and vertical jumps than the pubertal group regardless of sex (P < 0.001; ES: 0.29–0.48). All the measures of physical fitness were positively associated with chronological age and muscle mass (%). Conclusions Although absolute values of body composition and physical fitness appear to increase among pubertal children participating in extracurricular sports, the percentiles indicate that puberty is accompanied with a loss of a physical fitness levels. Thus, extracurricular sports might not be enough to enhance fitness among adolescents.

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Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the “Fat but Fit” Paradigm

Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the “Fat but Fit” Paradigm

Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years

Differences in body composition and physical fitness parameters among prepubertal and pubertal children engaged in extracurricular sports: the active health study

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