Differences in Innate Immune Response Gene Regulation in the Middle Ear of Children who are Otitis Prone and in those not Otitis Prone

Abstract

Innate-immune response genes are differentially regulated in children who were sOP compared with children with NOP.

Niche- and Gender-Dependent Immune Reactions in Relation to the Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion

“…Thus, it is tempting to speculate that the gender-based differences in inflammatory markers may relate to the chronicity of OME. It is also interesting to note that otitis-prone children have been shown to display significant downregulation of several factors involved in innate immune responses, further emphasizing the importance of well-regulated immune responses(22).Innate immune cells (such as neutrophils and monocytes-macrophages) are among the first leukocytes to be recruited to sites of infection, but were observed in this study to clearly predominate and associate with a higher degree of inflammation also in the chronic situationof OME. The innate immune cell predominance significantly correlated with a vast array of inflammatory mediators.…”

“…Thus, it is tempting to speculate that the gender-based differences in inflammatory markers may relate to the chronicity of OME. It is also interesting to note that otitis-prone children have been shown to display significant downregulation of several factors involved in innate immune responses, further emphasizing the importance of well-regulated immune responses ( 22 ).…”

“…Many studies have compared the composition of inflammatory mediators in serous and mucoid MEEs, with mucoid MEEs being shown to contain more inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and RANTES ( 20 ). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-8 are commonly identified in MEE samples from patients with chronic OM, and otitis-prone children have lower expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in their MEEs ( 4 , 21 – 23 ). Thus, a dysregulated or reduced innate inflammatory response may be related to disease progression in otitis-prone children, i.e., children prone to purulent AOM ( 21 ).…”

Paradigm shifts in the medical and surgical management of rhinologic and allergic disease

“…In their series of 121 patients, 42.5% (73) with a previous diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis were ultimately found to have positive reactions to grass (Phleum partense), Artemisia, and birch pollen based on skin-prick testing and serum specific IgE measurements. Furthermore, in the study by Kaur et al, 14 innate immune genes analysis of middle ear fluid samples revealed differential expression in children who were otitis prone versus non otitis prone children.…”

Immune modulatory effects of probioticStreptococcus thermophiluson human monocytes

“…Using a CFX Real-Time touch PCR System thermo-cycler (Biorad, Melbourne Australia) and Qiagen prescribed cycle, the relative gene/mRNA expression of ST285-treated monocytes were analyzed in contrast to control untreated monocytes. The RT 2 qPCR innate and adaptive immune response arrays targeted a set of 84 innate and adaptive immune-related genes, five housekeeping genes, anRT control, a positive PCR control, and a human genomic DNA contamination control[29].…”