Differences in hepatitis <scp>C</scp> virus prevalence and clearance by mode of acquisition among men who have sex with men

Witt, Mallory D.; Jacobson, Lisa P.; Detels, Roger; Rinaldo, Charles R.; Young, Steve; Phair, John P.; Thio, Chloe L.

doi:10.1111/jvh.12198

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…55 Nevertheless, the large-scale Multicenter AIDS Cohort (MAC) study reported a HCV prevalence of 2.6% in its HIV-negative non-IDU participants after testing stored sera. 56 The majority of the participants of the MAC study were recruited in the mid1980s, an era before the advent of HCV serological testing. It is likely that some HCV infections in HIV-negative participants could be attributable to blood transfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among gay and bisexual men: a systematic review

2017

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Abstract.A systematic review was performed on the evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in gay and bisexual men (GBM). Studies conducted in industrialised countries and published in English from 2000 to 2015 with data on HCV in GBM were included. Pooled estimates of prevalence and incidence of HCV infection were stratified by study settings and participants' HIV status using random effect models. Case-series reports were summarised descriptively. Of the 38 cross-sectional studies, the pooled HCV prevalence was substantially higher in HIV-positive men (8.3%, 95% CI: 6.7-9.9) than in HIV-negative men (1.5%, 95% CI 0.8-2.1), and higher in those who reported injecting drug use (34.8%, 95% CI 26.9-42.7) than in those who did not (3.5%, 95% CI 2.4-4.5). Of the 16 longitudinal studies, the pooled HCV incidence was markedly higher in clinic-based (7.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 4.6-9.5) than in community-based (1.4 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 0.7-2.1) studies, and in HIV-positive men (6.4 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 4.6-8.1) than in HIV-negative men (0.4 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 0-0.9). Since the early 2000s, 15 case-series reports increasingly pointed to the importance of sexual transmission of HCV in mainly HIV-positive men. Injecting drug use remained the major transmission route of HCV in GBM. Receptive condomless intercourse and concurrent ulcerative sexually transmissible infections are likely drivers that facilitated HCV sexual transmission in HIV-positive men. HCV incidence remains very low in HIV-negative GBM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among gay and bisexual men: a systematic review

2017

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“…Cross-sectional studies have revealed an anti-HCV prevalence of 1-7% among MSM without a history of IDU compared to 25-50% among MSM with a history of IDU [50][51][52][53][54][55]. Further, HCV infection is more frequent among MSM with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (3-39%) than in those without HIV (0-19%) [51][52][53][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 91%

HCV epidemiology in high-risk groups and the risk of reinfection

Midgard

Weir

Palmateer

et al. 2016

Journal of Hepatology

155

100

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Injecting risk behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID) and high-risk sexual practices among men who have sex with men (MSM) are important routes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. Current direct-acting antiviral treatment offers unique opportunities for reductions in HCV-related liver disease burden and epidemic control in high-risk groups, but these prospects could be counteracted by HCV reinfection due to on-going risk behaviours after successful treatment. Based on existing data from small and heterogeneous studies of interferon-based treatment, the incidence of reinfection after sustained virological response range from 2-6/100 person years among PWID to 10-15/100 person years among human immunodeficiency virus-infected MSM. These differences mainly reflect heterogeneity in study populations with regards to risk behaviours, but also reflect variations in study designs and applied virological methods. Increasing levels of reinfection are to be expected as we enter the interferon-free treatment era. Individual- and population-level efforts to address and prevent reinfection should therefore be undertaken when providing HCV care for people with on-going risk behaviour. Constructive strategies include acknowledgement, education and counselling, harm reduction optimization, scaled-up treatment including treatment of injecting networks, post-treatment screening, and rapid retreatment of reinfections.

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“…Studies of the natural history of HCV in several populations have reported a number of host and viral factors to be associated with the spontaneous clearance of HCV . Among the factors reported to be associated with increased clearance of HCV are female gender, a favourable IL28B genotype, sexual as opposed to parenteral acquisition of HCV infection and co‐infection with hepatitis B virus . Persons who have cleared an initial HCV infection spontaneously can be re‐infected with the same strain or a different strain of HCV, but they have significantly higher rates of spontaneously clearing the subsequent infection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV/HCV co‐infection is associated with a high level of HCV spontaneous clearance among drug users and blood donors in China

Xiong

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Understanding the biology of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could lead to improved strategies to prevent the sequelae associated with chronic HCV infection. Chronic infections with hepatitis virus are very common in China, but the factors associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV have not been adequately studied. We evaluated the spontaneous clearance of HCV among 1918 drug users and 1526 HCV-seropositive blood donors in Guangzhou, China. Among participants who were co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 41.38% of drug users and 39.47% of blood donors had cleared their HCV infection without antiviral therapy compared to 9.41% of drug users and 16.73% of blood donors who were mono-infected with a single virus (P<.01). The proportion of subjects who had cleared their HCV infection was significantly greater in the co-infected subjects whose serum HBV DNA was greater than 2000IU/mL than those with lower levels. A multiple logistic regression analysis found female gender, IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype, HBV co-infection and blood donors (vs drug users) associated with increased spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. Although acute HCV infections are common in China, the incidence of chronic HCV may be reduced among the high prevalence of chronic HBV and IL28B genotypes associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in Chinese populations.

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Differences in hepatitis C virus prevalence and clearance by mode of acquisition among men who have sex with men

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among gay and bisexual men: a systematic review

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among gay and bisexual men: a systematic review

HCV epidemiology in high-risk groups and the risk of reinfection

HBV/HCV co‐infection is associated with a high level of HCV spontaneous clearance among drug users and blood donors in China

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