Differences in Dissociative Experiences Between Survivors of Childhood Incest and Survivors of Assault in Adulthood

Zlotnick, Caron; Shea, M. Tracie; Pearlstein, Teri; Begin, Ann; Simpson, Elizabeth; Costello, Ellen

doi:10.1097/00005053-199601000-00009

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Given the overwhelming stress experienced by sexual abuse victims during the time of the event as well as during disclosure, it is not surprising that childhood sexual abuse is strongly associated with dissociative responses (7,32,33). However, because of previous reliance on retrospective reports of adult sexual abuse victims, the prospective relation between dissociative symptoms and later PTSD symptoms in childhood has remained unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to PTSD, Part II: Sexually Abused Children

Kaplow¹,

Dodge²,

Amaya-Jackson³

et al. 2005

AJP

107

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to PTSD, Part II: Sexually Abused Children

Kaplow¹,

Dodge²,

Amaya-Jackson³

et al. 2005

AJP

107

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“…However, it is important to note that the literature shows mixed results as to whether certain types of maltreatment are related to dissociation and which subtypes are more predictive of dissociation. Although many studies have demonstrated a relationship between sexual abuse and later dissociation, the association between physical abuse and later dissociation is less clear due to inconsistent findings (e.g., Briere & Runtz, 1988;Coons, 1996;Hornstein & Putnam, 1992;Irwin, 1994;Kirby, Chu, & Dill, 1993;Sanders & Giolas, 1991;Waldinger, Swett, Frank, & Miller, 1994;Zlotnick et al, 1996).…”

Section: Dissociation In Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation and Posttraumatic Symptoms in Maltreated Preschool Children

Hulette

Freyd

Pears

et al. 2008

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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This study examines dissociation and posttraumatic symptomatology in a sample of maltreated preschool-age children in foster care. Analyses compared Child Behavior Checklist subscale scores for the foster care sample and a community sample, and also examined differences between maltreatment subtypes. Exposure to any type of maltreatment was associated with greater dissociation and posttraumatic symptomatology in this sample. Preschool-age children with documented sexual abuse displayed high levels of posttraumatic symptoms, whereas children with documented physical abuse tended to use dissociation as a primary coping mechanism. The finding that physically abused children had high levels of dissociation confirms previous research with preschoolers.

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“…Author Manuscript between sexual abuse and later dissociation, whereas the association between physical abuse and later dissociation has been less consistent (e.g., Briere & Runtz, 1988;Coons, 1996;Hornstein & Putnam, 1992;Irwin, 1994;Kirby, Chu, & Dill, 1993;Sanders & Giolas, 1991;Waldinger, Swett, Frank, & Miller, 1994;Zlotnick et al, 1996).…”

Section: Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation in Foster Preschoolers: A Replication and Assessment Study

Hulette¹,

Fisher

Kim

et al. 2008

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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This study replicated the Child Behavior Checklist factor structure of traumatic sequelae in maltreated children that was established by A. C. Hulette and colleagues (in press; see also A. Cholankeril et al., 2007). The factors represent dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. The present study also examined the extent to which these 2 factor scores varied depending on specific maltreatment experiences. Results indicated that children who experienced both physical and sexual abuse in addition to neglect had significantly higher levels of dissociation than children who experienced (a) sexual abuse alone or with neglect, (b) physical abuse alone or with neglect, or (c) only neglect. The current study provides evidence that children who experience multiple forms of maltreatment are more likely to be dissociative, perhaps due to a greater need for a coping mechanism to manage the distress of that maltreatment. KeywordsDissociation; PTSD; maltreatment; child abuse; preschoolers Although the trauma of childhood maltreatment has been associated with the development of dissociation (Briere, 1992;Freyd, 1996;Hornstein, 1993;Liotti, 1999;Putnam, 1997;Terr, 1991), there have been few studies of dissociation in early childhood. From a developmental psychopathology perspective (Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993), it is particularly important to examine the impact of early child maltreatment to prevent cascading developmental problems and posttraumatic psychiatric sequelae.Address correspondence to: Annmarie C. Hulette, MS, Psychology Department, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227 (acholank@uoregon.edu). HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript J Trauma Dissociation. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 February 22. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptBriere (1992) referred to dissociation as "a defensive disruption in the normally occurring connections among feelings, thoughts, behavior, and memories … invoked in order to reduce psychological distress" (p. 34). Although dissociation enables the child to cope with the distress of maltreatment, it is pathological when it has a negative impact on overall functioning and well-being. Abuse survivors may exhibit abrupt changes in mannerisms, access to knowledge, and age-appropriate behavior (Putnam, 1997). High levels of dissociation in childhood appear to result in problems negotiating developmental challenges and are frequently comorbid with other psychopathology (Putnam, 1997).Although the main focus of this study was dissociation, we also examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology following child maltreatment. It has been estimated that one-third of individuals who experience maltreatment meet criteria for lifetime PTSD (Widom, 1999). PTSD contains three main symptom clusters: intrusion, hyperarousal, and avoidance (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Intrusion symptoms include recurrent nightmares/flashbacks and distress toward trauma-related cues. Hyperarousal symptoms include sleep di...

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Differences in Dissociative Experiences Between Survivors of Childhood Incest and Survivors of Assault in Adulthood

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Pathways to PTSD, Part II: Sexually Abused Children

Pathways to PTSD, Part II: Sexually Abused Children

Dissociation and Posttraumatic Symptoms in Maltreated Preschool Children

Dissociation in Foster Preschoolers: A Replication and Assessment Study

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