Differences in depressive symptom profile between males and females

Smith, Daniel J.; Kyle, Sarah; Forty, Liz; Cooper, Carly; Walters, James; Russell, Elen; Caesar, Sian; Farmer, Anne; McGuffin, Peter; Jones, Ian; Jones, Lisa; Craddock, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.001

Cited by 80 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Clinical presentation, etiological factors, and response to treatment might also be influenced by gender, but studies concerning these aspects of depression have provided divergent results. There is some evidence that women with depression have earlier age-atonset [2][3][4] and more frequent episodes [4,5] . Also, women seem to show greater severity of depressive symptoms [2,4,6] , even though this has only been found in hospital settings and not in general practice [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some evidence that women with depression have earlier age-atonset [2][3][4] and more frequent episodes [4,5] . Also, women seem to show greater severity of depressive symptoms [2,4,6] , even though this has only been found in hospital settings and not in general practice [7] . A higher prevalence of co-morbid anxiety [3,4,6,[8][9][10] and more pronounced atypical features [3, 4 6 11] among women with depression is quite consistently reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences among Patients with a Single Depressive Episode

et al. 2010

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Background: Studies on gender differences in depression have usually included a mixture of patients with first-episode, chronic and recurrent depression. Consequently, the results might be confounded by the history of depression among participants. The present study evaluated gender differences in sociodemographic, clinical and treatment variables among patients suffering exclusively from single-episode depression. Method: Systematic recruitment of 301 participants via the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and assessment by means of questionnaires and interviews regarding psychiatric diagnoses, personality traits and disorders, stressful life events, family history, and treatment response. Results: Female patients showed a higher level of neuroticism and more residual anxiety symptoms after treatment of the depression. There were no gender differences in severity of depression, psychiatric co-morbidity (including personality disorders), stressful life events prior to onset, family loading of psychiatric disorders, or treatment outcome. Conclusion: The results provide evidence for a higher level of anxiety and neuroticism among females with a recent onset of depression, whereas other clinical characteristics of first-episode depression were equivalent between male and female patients. Only patients with contact to a psychiatric hospital were included; thus, the results cannot be generalized to patients in primary care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences among Patients with a Single Depressive Episode

et al. 2010

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“…For example, the scientific literature has for some time now identified anger as one of the atypical symptoms of depression in men (Smith et al, 2008). Nevertheless, the diagnostic systems in use today (e.g.…”

Section: Atypical Symptoms Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On both occasions, men would be unlikely to externalise their depression and to seek help about it. Additionally, men may be experiencing and manifesting depression in unconventional ways which may go unnoticed by others (Smith et al, 2008), including healthcare professionals (Sharpley et al, 2014;Sharpley, Bitsika, & Christie, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

What do counsellors need to know about male depression?

Athanasiadis

Gough

Robertson

2017

British Journal of Guidance & Counselling

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Word count: 5726 (including references)This paper has not been published elsewhere and it not under consideration for publication elsewhere.The authors report that there is no conflict of interest in respect of this publication.What do counsellors need to know about male depression? 2 Suggested title: What do counsellors need to know about male depression? AbstractThe lower reported prevalence of depression in men has been related to depression not being as well-recognised in men as it is in women. We sought to understand the clinical under-recognition of depression in men by reviewing some of the key evidence on male depression, concentrating on practices in the UK. Additionally, we aimed to draw conclusions that would contribute to the improvement of health promotion and of the diagnosis for male depression. Our perusal of the available evidence has revealed that some depressed men experience significant difficulties not only in disclosing but also in identifying their depression and that men often exhibit atypical symptoms such as anger. Furthermore, depressed men are often involved in attempts to self-manage their depressive symptoms. This stoic approach compromises the wellbeing of depressed men and it discourages them from accessing appropriate support resources. We conclude with suggestions for practice and research.

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“…In humans, a primary axis of such architecture is sex, with males and females differing quantitatively in a large suite of neurodevelopmental, neuroanatomical, psychological and other traits (Geary 1998;Baron-Cohen 2003). Sex-specific associations of alleles with some psychotic-affective conditions (e. g., Pickard et al 2007), and the higher incidence of major depression in females than males (Marcus et al 2008;Smith et al 2008), notably implicate sex as an important causal factor in the evolutionary genetics of mental disorders. Crespi and Badcock (2008) suggest that genomic-imprinting effects generate a second axis of human cognitive variation, whereby a canalized neurodevelopmental continuum stretches from a bias towards relative effects of maternally-expressed imprinted genes, to dynamically-balanced normality, to a bias towards effects of paternally-expressed imprinted genes.…”

Section: Phenotypic and Genetic Architecture Of Psychotic-affective Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary genetics of affective disorders

Crespi¹

2009

Understanding Depression

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I review evolutionary-genetic models for the generation, maintenance and loss of allelic variation underlying polygenic disease, in the context of affective disorders and related conditions. Genetically-based liability to these disorders appears to be due to some combination of mutation-selection balance involving common, small-effect variants and rare, large-effect variants, and natural selection involving antagonistic pleiotropy and balancing selection. At present, the primary usefulness of evolutionary genetics in the study of affective disorders is that it provides important insights into choices of genes, alleles, and haplotypes for analysis via genome-scan and association studies, and motivates a focus on the potential for pleiotropic, beneficial effects of alleles and genotypes that also influence disease risk.

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Differences in depressive symptom profile between males and females

Cited by 80 publications

References 30 publications

Gender Differences among Patients with a Single Depressive Episode

Gender Differences among Patients with a Single Depressive Episode

What do counsellors need to know about male depression?

Evolutionary genetics of affective disorders

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