“…This result is in line with the hypothesis that the P600 reflects in part a semantic-based process (Canseco-Gonzalez, 2000;Canseco-Gonzalez et al, 1997;Münte et al, 1997), but it was not predicted by the Timing Hypothesis (Hahne & Jescheniak, 2001). Since the negative grammaticality effects in this study were elicited early (< 300 ms), and since critical words in the present study were closed-class words, thus their occurrences should not be perceived as semantic errors (Münte et al, 2001;Neville et al, 1992;Nobre & McCarthy, 1994), the present data demonstrate that, contrary to the prediction of the Timing Hypothesis, the attenuation of P600 does not require error detection in both syntactic and semantic domains. Unlike the violations in the studies by Canseco-Gonzalez and her colleagues (Canseco-Gonzalez, 2000;Canseco-Gonzalez et al, 1997) and Münte and his colleagues (1997), the violations in the study by Hahne and Jescheniak (2001) were at the end of the sentence.…”