Differences by sex in associations between injection drug risks and drug crime conviction among people who inject drugs in Almaty, Kazakhstan

Marotta, Phillip; Gilbert, Louisa; Terlikbayeva, Assel; Wu, Elwin; El‐Bassel, Nabila

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.07.014

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Although the intimate relationship between the women and injecting partner is complex (Azim, Bontell & Strathdee 2015 ), gender inequality and power imbalances characterise the relationship, making women particularly vulnerable (Morrisa et al 2018 ). Societal customs that suppress women and build imbalanced power relationships further strengthen injection sharing and drug-related norms in intimate partnerships (Marotta et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women

Lefoka

Netangaheni

2022

Health SA Gesondheid

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Background: Substance use disorder has emerged as a key health and social challenge in South Africa (SA). It is projected that about 15% of South African youth, especially young women are prone to engage in drug use and the prospects of coming into contact with nyaope, a highly addictive drug, are higher. Nyaope is mainly smoked, but the prevalence of injecting it is increasing in most regions.Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the perception of women, who use nyaope, about the factors contributing to nyaope smoking and transitioning to injecting nyaope amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality (CoT), Gauteng.Setting: The research was conducted within Community Oriented Substance Use Programme sites across the CoT Municipality.Methods: Qualitative research methods were utilised to explore and describe the perceptions of the participants on factors contributing to the use of nyaope amongst women residing in the CoT. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and thematically analysed.Results: Intimate partner influence (IPI), peer pressure, being misled by friends, weight loss, lack of effective coping mechanisms and counteracting other drugs contributed to women smoking nyaope. Additionally, a need for an intense high, IPI, influence by the social network, curiosity and cost-effectiveness contributed to women transitioning from smoking to injecting nyaope.Conclusion: The study has established factors contributing to smoking and transition to injecting nyaope as viewed by women residing in the CoT.Contribution: This research affirms that women are influenced by different factors to use and transition to injecting Nyaope.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women

Lefoka

Netangaheni

2022

Health SA Gesondheid

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“…Female Nyaope injectors are more probable to practice high sexual risk as a result of the severe discrimination and cultural stigmatisation attached to injecting drug use. 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female Nyaope injectors are more probable to practice high sexual risk as a result of the severe discrimination and cultural stigmatisation attached to injecting drug use. 12 Irrespective of a person's knowledge of HIV status or ART compliance level, it is projected that the accurate and constant use of condoms decreases the risk of sexual transmission of HIV infection by 70% in heterosexual couples. Condom supply interventions have, for many years, been a backbone of public health HIV prevention efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These initiatives are aimed at substantially scaling up access to, and the effect of, HIV treatment by 2020. 11 Women Who Inject Drugs are a subpopulation that is neglected from HIV prevention and SUD treatment interventions 12 and is hardly the subject of surveys. 13,14 To fully address the HIV epidemic amongst WWID, they must be part of the process of finding solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Women Who Inject Drugs are more likely to participate in drug, and sexual risks than males who inject drugs due to severe discrimination, and cultural stigma perpetuated on them. 12 Women Who Inject Drugs tend to be dependent on drugs faster than their male counterparts, inject more frequently per day, have intimate partners who inject, contract and die from HIV/AIDS, and have severe combined risks. This is partly because most of them engage in sex work to raise money for drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A plea of those who are affected most by HIV: The utterances by women who inject Nyaope residing in the City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng

Lefoka

Netangaheni

2021

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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Background: Nyaope injecting practice brought the field of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) together. It is complex and requires multidisciplinary approach. Women who use drugs face individual, social, and structural factors that fuel their vulnerability to contract HIV, and other blood-borne infections. Women Who Inject Drugs (WWID) are a subpopulation that is neglected from HIV prevention and SUD treatment interventions, and are hardly the subject of surveys. In order to fully address the HIV epidemic among WWID it is imperative that they become part of the process of finding solutions.Aim: This study explored the strategies to curb HIV incidence among Women Who Inject Nyaope (WWIN), residing in City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng Province.Setting: The research was conducted within COSUP. COSUP was considered more appropriate as it is a harm reduction based organisation.Methods: The study utilised the qualitative research approach. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 24 women with a history of injecting Nyaope aged between 19 to 35 years. The data was analysed using thematic data analysis.Results: Health intervention, economic intervention and educational intervention was stressed as key strategies to curb HIV among WWIN. Needle exchange programmes, condom distribution, PrEP, HIV Testing and Counselling, employment opportunities, support groups and awareness campaigns if implemented, can yield positive outcomes in curbing HIV among WWID.Conclusion: Mechanisms to curb HIV among WWIN exist, and when implemented, they have the potential to address high HIV incidence among women who inject Nyaope.

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Dyadic analysis of criminal justice involvement and hiv risks among couples who inject drugs and their intimate partners in almaty, kazakhstan

Marotta

Terlikbayeva

Gilbert

et al. 2021

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Differences by sex in associations between injection drug risks and drug crime conviction among people who inject drugs in Almaty, Kazakhstan

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women

Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women

A plea of those who are affected most by HIV: The utterances by women who inject Nyaope residing in the City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng

Dyadic analysis of criminal justice involvement and hiv risks among couples who inject drugs and their intimate partners in almaty, kazakhstan

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