Differences between Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi in expression of mannose and fucose glycoconjugates

Cervantes-Sandoval, Isaac; Serrano-Luna, José J.; Pacheco‐Yépez, Judith; Silva-Olivares, Angélica; Tsutsumi, Vı́ctor; Shibayama, Mineko

doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1727-z

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several studies have suggested that the signal transduction pathways of N. fowleri were activated by the attachment of the amoeba to a host cell that led to the production and release of mucosal layer‐eroding proteases that promote proliferation and invasion of this amoeba within the CNS . There are certain factors that cause adhesion of this organism including pore‐forming proteins ( Naegleria pores), presence of carbohydrates residues in the outer surface of the plasma membrane and glycol‐conjugates has terminal ‐L‐Fucose and ‐D‐glucose …”

Section: Pathophysiology Of N Fowleri Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review

Jahangeer

Mahmood

Munir

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Naegleria fowleri, a thermophilic flagellate amoeba known as a “brain‐eating” amoeba, is the aetiological agent of a perilous and devastating waterborne disease known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), both in humans as well as in animals. PAM is a rare but fatal disease affecting young adults all around the world, particularly in the developed world but recently reported from developing countries, with 95%–99% mortality rate. Swimmers and divers are at high risk of PAM as the warm water is the most propitious environment adapted by N. fowleri to cause this infection. Infective amoeba in the trophozoite phase enter the victim's body through the nose, crossing the cribriform plate to reach the human brain and cause severe destruction of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain damage leads to brain haemorrhage and death occurs within 3–7 days in undiagnosed cases and maltreated cases. Though the exact pathogenesis of N. fowleri is still not known, it has exhibited two primary mechanisms, contact‐independent (brain damage through different proteins) and contact‐dependent (brain damage through surface structures food cups), that predominantly contribute to the pathogen invading the host CNS. For the management of this life‐threatening infection different treatment regimens have been applied but still the survival rate is only 5% which is ascribed to its misdiagnosis, as the PAM symptoms closely resembled bacterial meningitis. The main objectives of this review article are to compile data to explore the sources and routes of N. fowleri infection, its association in causing PAM along with its pathophysiology; latest techniques used for accurate diagnosis, management options along with challenges for Pakistan to control this drastic disorder.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of N Fowleri Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review

Jahangeer

Mahmood

Munir

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…Recently, Jamerson et al [106] compared the adhesion to collagen and fibronectin by the pathogenic N. fowleri strain and the nonpathogenic N. lovaniensis, finding greater adherence of N. fowleri to fibronectin. Cervantes-Sandoval et al [107] found several differences between pathogenic N. fowleri and nonpathogenic N. gruberi in the expression of mannose and fucose glycoconjugates. N. fowleri presents higher levels of surface glycoconjugates that contain α -D-glucose and terminal α -L-fucose residues than N. gruberi .…”

Section: Extracellular Protozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Parasite Interaction: Parasite-Derived and -Induced Proteases That Degrade Human Extracellular Matrix

Piña-Vázquez

Reyes-López

Ortiz-Estrada

et al. 2012

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Parasitic protozoa are among the most important pathogens worldwide. Diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis affect millions of people. Humans are constantly threatened by infections caused by these pathogens. Parasites engage a plethora of surface and secreted molecules to attach to and enter mammalian cells. The secretion of lytic enzymes by parasites into host organs mediates critical interactions because of the invasion and destruction of interstitial tissues, enabling parasite migration to other sites within the hosts. Extracellular matrix is a complex, cross-linked structure that holds cells together in an organized assembly and that forms the basement membrane lining (basal lamina). The extracellular matrix represents a major barrier to parasites. Therefore, the evolution of mechanisms for connective-tissue degradation may be of great importance for parasite survival. Recent advances have been achieved in our understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of proteases from parasitic protozoa. The focus of this paper is to discuss the role of protozoan parasitic proteases in the degradation of host ECM proteins and the participation of these molecules as virulence factors. We divide the paper into two sections, extracellular and intracellular protozoa.

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“…It serves as a model for basal body and flagellar assembly processes and its genome was published in 2008 [9]. Since N. gruberi is well studied as a model organism, several groups assessed pathogenicity factors using a comparative approach, for example by comparing protease activities [10] or membrane glycoconjugates [11] between the human pathogenic N. fowleri and the non-pathogenic N. gruberi . The suitability of N. gruberi as a close non-pathogenic model is questioned by the work of Herman et al [12] analysing the mitochondrial sequences and a 60 kb nuclear segment of N. fowleri and N. gruberi .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Naegleria lovaniensis, the basis for a comparative approach to unravel pathogenicity factors of the human pathogenic amoeba N. fowleri

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMembers of the genus Naegleria are free-living eukaryotes with the capability to transform from the amoeboid form into resting cysts or moving flagellates in response to environmental conditions. More than 40 species have been characterized, but only Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) is known as a human pathogen causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fast progressing and mostly fatal disease of the central nervous system. Several studies report an involvement of phospholipases and other molecular factors, but the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis are still poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the relationships within the genus of Naegleria and to investigate pathogenicity factors of N. fowleri, we characterized the genome of its closest non-pathogenic relative N. lovaniensis.ResultsTo gain insights into the taxonomy of Naegleria, we sequenced the genome of N. lovaniensis using long read sequencing technology. The assembly of the data resulted in a 30 Mb genome including the circular mitochondrial sequence. Unravelling the phylogenetic relationship using OrthoMCL protein clustering and maximum likelihood methods confirms the close relationship of N. lovaniensis and N. fowleri. To achieve an overview of the diversity of Naegleria proteins and to assess characteristics of the human pathogen N. fowleri, OrthoMCL protein clustering including data of N. fowleri, N. lovaniensis and N. gruberi was performed. GO enrichment analysis shows an association of N. fowleri specific proteins to the GO terms “Membrane” and “Protein Secretion.”ConclusionIn this study, we characterize the hitherto unknown genome of N. lovaniensis. With the description of the 30 Mb genome, a further piece is added to reveal the complex taxonomic relationship of Naegleria. Further, the whole genome sequencing data confirms the hypothesis of the close relationship between N. fowleri and N. lovaniensis. Therefore, the genome of N. lovaniensis provides the basis for further comparative approaches on the molecular and genomic level to unravel pathogenicity factors of its closest human pathogenic relative N. fowleri and possible treatment options for the rare but mostly fatal primary meningoencephalitis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4994-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Differences between Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi in expression of mannose and fucose glycoconjugates

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review

Host-Parasite Interaction: Parasite-Derived and -Induced Proteases That Degrade Human Extracellular Matrix

The genome of Naegleria lovaniensis, the basis for a comparative approach to unravel pathogenicity factors of the human pathogenic amoeba N. fowleri

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