Differences between First wave and Second wave of COVID-19 in India

Jain, Vijay Kumar; Iyengar, Karthikeyan P; Vaishya, Raju

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.009

Cited by 146 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…An analysis of the data from 14 countries showed age distribution of COVID-19 deaths to be fairly similar in the second as in the first wave [18]. Study from India by Jain et al reported that the total number of deaths during second wave of COVID-19 was high due to alarmingly high number of cases, but the death rate showed no significant increase [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentials in the characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Wave-1 and Wave-2 admitted to a network of hospitals in North India

Budhiraja

Indrayan

Aggarwal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Second wave of COVID 19 pandemic in India came with unexpected quick speed and intensity, creating an acute shortage of beds, ventilators, and oxygen at the peak of occurrence. This may have been partly caused by emergence of new variant delta. Clinical experience with the cases admitted to hospitals suggested that it is not merely a steep rise in cases but also possibly the case profile is different. This study was taken up to investigate the differentials in the characteristics of the cases admitted in the second wave versus those admitted in the first wave. Records of a total of 14398 cases admitted in the first wave (2020) to our network of hospitals in north India and 5454 cases admitted in the second wave (2021) were retrieved, making it the largest study of this kind in India. Their demographic profile, clinical features, management, and outcome was studied. Age sex distribution of the cases in the second wave was not much different from those admitted in the first wave but the patients with comorbidities and those with greater severity had larger share. Level of inflammatory markers was more adverse. More patients needed oxygen and invasive ventilation. ICU admission rate remained nearly the same. On the positive side, readmissions were lower, and the duration of hospitalization was slightly less. Usage of drugs like remdesivir and IVIG was higher while that of favipiravir and tocilizumab was lower. Steroid and anticoagulant use remained high and almost same during the two waves. More patients had secondary bacterial and fungal infections in Wave 2. Mortality increased by almost 40% in Wave 2, particularly in the younger patients of age less than 45 years. Higher mortality was observed in those admitted in wards, ICU, with or without ventilator support and those who received convalescent plasma. No significant demographic differences in the cases in these two waves, indicates the role of other factors such as delta variant and late admissions in higher severity and more deaths. Comorbidity and higher secondary bacterial and fungal infections may have contributed to increased mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentials in the characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Wave-1 and Wave-2 admitted to a network of hospitals in North India

Budhiraja

Indrayan

Aggarwal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Mean age of the Covid cohort (65.54±8.6 years) was much higher than the non covid cohort (46.63±22.1 years). The Covid cohort was from the first Covid wave in India when the elderly were more affected than young ( Jain et al, 2021 ). The age difference in the two groups may be a reflection of this fact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Acute Neuropathy Associated With Covid-19: A Clinical and Electrophysiological Study of 13 Patients From a Single Center

Yaranagula¹,

Koduri²

2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Objectives To analyze clinical and nerve conduction patterns in patients with acute neuropathy, preceded by or concomitantly having Covid-19 disease (Acute Neuropathy Associated with Covid-19 or ANAC 19). Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical details, laboratory evaluation and electrophysiological parameters in patients with ANAC 19was done. This data was compared with non Covid GBS described in literature and also with patients of acute neuropathy without Covid 19 who had presented to our center during the period of study. Results Records of thirteen patients with ANAC 19were reviewed. Most patients clinically had paraparesis, and electrophysiologically showed demyelinating neuropathy. Peroneal and Sural nerves were the most frequently abnormal motor and sensory nerves respectively. A proportion of patients showed a peroneal velocity sparing pattern. Higher incidence of paraparesis and encephalopathy differentiated ANAC 19from non Covid GBS. Conclusions ANAC 19has a comparable electrophysiological profile to non Covid GBS. However, it has a distinct clinical presentation.

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“…The second and more intense wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health of individuals and communities [ 1 , 2 ]. The pervasiveness of the disease in this wave has meant that a majority of the individuals have been plagued by feelings of hopelessness and despair, irrespective of whether they have personally contracted the infection or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Sociodemographic Parameters With Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, Psychological Trauma, Mental Well-Being, and Resilience During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey From India

Kaur¹,

Ranjan²,

Chakrawarty³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Differences between First wave and Second wave of COVID-19 in India

Cited by 146 publications

References 3 publications

Differentials in the characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Wave-1 and Wave-2 admitted to a network of hospitals in North India

Differentials in the characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Wave-1 and Wave-2 admitted to a network of hospitals in North India

Spectrum of Acute Neuropathy Associated With Covid-19: A Clinical and Electrophysiological Study of 13 Patients From a Single Center

Association of Sociodemographic Parameters With Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, Psychological Trauma, Mental Well-Being, and Resilience During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey From India

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