“…These findings align with several other studies that have shown that among Korean university students, female showed lower self-esteem (Jeon & Bae, 2007;M. Kim, 2012) and more depression compared with males (Shim, 2016).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Nonetheless, there has been no research related to the association among the three constructs (i.e., spiritual well-being, self-esteem, and depression) using a Korean seminarian sample. In addition, statistically significant gender differences in self-esteem and depression have been reported, with women being more susceptible to depression (Blazer et al, 1994; Kessler, 2003) and having lower self-esteem compared with men (Jeon & Bae, 2007; M. Kim, 2012).…”
Section: Theoretical Framework For the Relationship Between Spiritual...mentioning
Spirituality and depression have been studied in relation to mental health for many years, but not in the context of Korean seminarians. This study explored the association between spiritual well-being, depression, and self-esteem—the latter playing a mediating role—using a sample of Korean Protestant College seminarians. In addition, gender differences in the values of variables were examined using the latent mean analysis (LMA) method; the mediational pathway from spiritual well-being to depression via self-esteem was investigated through the multigroup structural model analysis. A total of 434 seminarians from one Baptist theological university/seminary and one Presbyterian college in South Korea responded to survey questions about spiritual well-being—it was categorized into religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB)—self-esteem, and depression. Male seminarians ( N = 177) obtained a higher mean score on a measure of self-esteem; female seminarians ( N = 246) obtained a higher mean score on a measure of depression. EWB had a significant direct effect on self-esteem and depression in both groups. However, EWB had a significant indirect effect on depression via self-esteem as a mediator only for female seminarians. Meanwhile, RWB did not influence self-esteem or depression in either group. Implications based on these findings are discussed.
“…These findings align with several other studies that have shown that among Korean university students, female showed lower self-esteem (Jeon & Bae, 2007;M. Kim, 2012) and more depression compared with males (Shim, 2016).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Nonetheless, there has been no research related to the association among the three constructs (i.e., spiritual well-being, self-esteem, and depression) using a Korean seminarian sample. In addition, statistically significant gender differences in self-esteem and depression have been reported, with women being more susceptible to depression (Blazer et al, 1994; Kessler, 2003) and having lower self-esteem compared with men (Jeon & Bae, 2007; M. Kim, 2012).…”
Section: Theoretical Framework For the Relationship Between Spiritual...mentioning
Spirituality and depression have been studied in relation to mental health for many years, but not in the context of Korean seminarians. This study explored the association between spiritual well-being, depression, and self-esteem—the latter playing a mediating role—using a sample of Korean Protestant College seminarians. In addition, gender differences in the values of variables were examined using the latent mean analysis (LMA) method; the mediational pathway from spiritual well-being to depression via self-esteem was investigated through the multigroup structural model analysis. A total of 434 seminarians from one Baptist theological university/seminary and one Presbyterian college in South Korea responded to survey questions about spiritual well-being—it was categorized into religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB)—self-esteem, and depression. Male seminarians ( N = 177) obtained a higher mean score on a measure of self-esteem; female seminarians ( N = 246) obtained a higher mean score on a measure of depression. EWB had a significant direct effect on self-esteem and depression in both groups. However, EWB had a significant indirect effect on depression via self-esteem as a mediator only for female seminarians. Meanwhile, RWB did not influence self-esteem or depression in either group. Implications based on these findings are discussed.
“…It has been reported that rates of depression and self-esteem differ by gender. Women were more susceptible to depression and their self-esteem was lower than male students (Jeon & Bae, 2007). For women, it has specifically been reported that low academic achievement, insufficient future plans, limited personal relationships, and low self-esteem were factors affecting depression, because women expended a great deal of energy deciding on a future career and performing expected roles in the period from the end of adolescence to early adulthood (Beeber, 1996).…”
Purpose:The purposes of this study were to identify factors affecting depression in college students and the correlation of depression with self-esteem and academic stress, and to identify differences among student self-esteem, academic stress, and general characteristics and the relationship of these variables to depression. Methods: The study was done in April 2011 with 852 students in health-related majors (medicine, nursing science, and dental hygiene) of a medical college in Korea. A self-rating survey containing 10 items from the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, 20 items from the Self-rating Depression Scale, and 22 items on academic stress was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: Medical students' scores for self-esteem were significantly higher than dental hygiene students, but for academic stress scores, the result was the opposite. Logistic regression showed that self-esteem, academic stress, academic major and satisfaction with it (positive affect), and home income level (negative affect) significantly affected the level of depression. Conclusion: Designing and implementing realistic programs tailored to students' academic majors to enhance their self-esteem and provide practical knowledge in dealing with academic stress will help these students obtain a healthier school life emotionally as well as academically.
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