Diferencias de género en el trastorno delirante

Abstract

RESUMEN: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue explorar las diferencias de género en trastorno delirante (TD) comparando aspectos sociodemográficos, factores de riesgo, correlatos clínicos y características del curso del trastorno. La muestra se compuso de 50 pacientes con primer ingreso psiquiátrico y con diagnóstico de TD (según SCID-I para criterios DSM-IV). Los casos fueron evaluados retrospectivamente mediante la revisión de historia clínicas mediante el cuestionario OPCRIT 4.0 y un inventario diseñado por los autores que comprendió distintos aspectos clínicos no recogidos en el anterior instrumento. La proporción mujer-hombre fue de 1.27:1. La edad del primer ingreso psiquiátrico fue más alta en mujeres. Respecto a los potenciales factores de riesgo, los hombres presentaron mayor prevalencia de Trastornos por uso de sustancias premórbido mientras las mujeres más retraimiento social y síntomas depresivos previos al inicio del trastorno. En relación a la sintomatología delirante, los hombres presentaron mayor frecuencia de delirios generalizados, de grandiosidad, de celos y persecución; mientras que las mujeres presentaron mayor frecuencia de delirio erotomaniaco así como percepciones y humor delirantes. Los hombres presentaron mayor frecuencia de aumento de la estima del Self y las mujeres insomnio inicial y de media noche. No se observaron diferencias de género en otros factores sociodemográficos, potenciales factores de riesgo, correlatos clínicos y características del curso de la enfermedad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Género, diferencias, trastorno delirante, psicosis, psicopatología, factores de riesgo.ABSTRACT: The objective of our study was to explore gender differences in Delusional Disorder (DD) comparing sociodemographic, clinical and risk factors and course´s characteristics. The sample was compound of 50 inpatients during their first psychiatric entrance and diagnosis of DD (according to SCID-I for DSM-IV criteria). Cases were evaluated retrospectively by means of medical records revision, OPCRIT 4.0 and an inventory created by authors, about not gathered aspects. The proportion woman-man was of 1.27:1. The age of the first psychiatric entrance was higher in women. Men presented greater prevalence of Disorders for use of drugs before; while the women suffered more social retirement and previous depressive symptoms. Men presented greater frequency of generalized, megalomaniac, and jealousy and persecution delusions; whereas women displayed greater frequency of erotomaniac delusions, as well as delusional affectivity and perceptions. Men presented greater frequency of increase of the esteem of the Self; and women displayed initial insomnia and of average night more frequently. Differences in other sociodemographic, clinical and risk factors, and course´s characteristics were not observed. KEY WORDS: Gender, differences, delusional disorder, psychosis, psychopathology, risk factors. Agradecimientos

Care for Women with Delusional Disorder: Towards a Specialized Approach

“…Comorbid mood disorders are frequent in patients with DD [13]. Roman-Avezuela and collaborators (2015) reported than women were more likely than men to present with comorbid depressive symptoms [14]. However, this is not consistent with the results of Wustmann and colleagues who found no gender difference in depression in DD [12].…”

“…The persecutory subtype is the most frequent, but this fact, too, depends on sample characteristics and the setting of the investigation [12][13][14]. With regard to gender differences in the content of the expressed delusions, several studies have reported erotomanic delusions to be more common in women than in men [14], whereas others have not found any statistically significant gender differences in the content of delusions. Table 1 shows DSM-5 criteria for DD and subtypes of DD according to the content of delusions.…”