Diferenciais de raça/cor da pele em anos potenciais de vida perdidos por causas externas

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:Deaths by external causes represent one of the most important challenges for public health and are the second cause of death in Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze differentials in mortality by external causes according to race/skin color. METHODS:A descriptive study was carried out in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil, using 9,626 cases of deaths by external causes between 1998 and 2003. Data were obtained from the Forensic Medicine Institute and from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografi a e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). The indicator "potential years of life lost" was utilized to identify the existence of differences among age groups, sex groups and race/skin color groups. RESULTS:Deaths by external causes provoked the loss of 339,220 potential years of life, of which 210,000 were due to homicides. Nonwhite individuals died at earlier ages and lost 12.2 times as much potential years of life due to deaths by homicidies than white individuals. Although the nonwhite (black and mixed) population was three times larger than the white population, its number of potential years of life lost was 30 times higher. The population of blacks was 11.4 % smaller than the white population, but its loss of potential years of life was almost three times higher. Even after the adjustment for age, the differences observed in the indicator potential years of life lost/100,000 inhabitants and in the ratios between strata according to race/skin color were maintained. CONCLUSIONS:The results showed differentials in mortality by external causes according to race/skin color in Salvador. The nonwhite population had greater loss of potential years of life, higher average number of years not lived and, on average, they died at an earlier age due to homicides, traffi c accidents an all other external causes.

Vítimas fatais e anos de vida perdidos por acidentes de trânsito em Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…A fórmula básica para APVP utilizada foi: APVP = S ai ´ di, onde: ai representa a diferença entre a idade limite e o ponto médio de cada grupo etário, pressupondo-se distribuição uniforme das mortes ocorridas em cada grupo; di é igual ao número de óbitos por uma causa específica neste mesmo grupo etário. 9,12 O APVP m expressa a quantidade de anos que em média cada óbito subtraiu de uma pessoa. Foi utilizada a fórmula: APVP/ número de óbitos ocorridos devido ao mesmo tipo de causa em estudo.…”

“…A análise dos indicadores APVPs ocorreu com intervalo de confiança de 95% e pela apresentação dos resultados em triênios. 9,12 O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Anos de vida perdidos por acidentes de trânsito Anos de vida perdidos por acidentes de trânsito Anos de vida perdidos por acidentes de trânsito Anos de vida perdidos por acidentes de trânsito Anos de vida perdidos por acidentes de trânsito Camargo FC, Iwamoto HH O perfil das vítimas fatais por acidentes de trânsito são convergentes em diferentes localidades nacionais e internacionais. Esse cenário aponta para a prevalência da problemática dos acidentes de trânsito entre os homens adultos.…”

Regional disparities in road traffic injuries and their determinants in Brazil, 2013

“…For car/van occupants and other road users, no association was found between RTI and skin color. A study conducted in Brazil in 2008 showed that brown and black individuals were six times more likely to die from an RTI than their white counterparts [30]. National and international reports show similar results, with black people exposed to a higher risk of death from traffic crashes, and dying at a younger age from RTIs than white people [30].…”

“…A study conducted in Brazil in 2008 showed that brown and black individuals were six times more likely to die from an RTI than their white counterparts [30]. National and international reports show similar results, with black people exposed to a higher risk of death from traffic crashes, and dying at a younger age from RTIs than white people [30]. The greater risk of RTI for black individuals may be related to their socioeconomic level, which typically positions them as vulnerable road users (motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians) [30].…”

“…Determinants for this investigation were: (i) sex (male and female) as a proxy for gender [28, 29]; (ii) age groups 18–29 years (young adults), 30–39 years and 40–59 years (adults), and 60 years and older (older adults); (iii) race/skin color (white, brown, and black -- Asian and indigenous categories were too small to be considered in this analysis) as a proxy for ethnic identity and socioeconomic level [29, 30]; (iv) educational level (college or higher, high school, elementary school and lower than elementary school/illiterate) as a proxy for socioeconomic level [24, 31]; (v) living with a husband/wife or partner (yes or no), assuming that individuals with stable unions are less exposed to roads in their leisure time [32]; and (vi) current drinker, defined as a person who consumes alcohol once or more per month (yes or no), binge drinking, defined as a men who consumed five or more units of alcohol (four or more units for women) on a single occasion in the past 30 days (yes or no), and reports of driving after consuming alcohol (yes or no) [33, 34]. These variables are the main behavioral risk factors for injuries and deaths caused by road traffic crashes [17, 24, 35].…”