Diets enriched in PUFAs at an early postimplantation stage prevent embryo resorptions and impaired mTOR signaling in the decidua from diabetic rats

Unsaturated Fatty Acid Intake During Periconception and Incidence of Achieving Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In the present work, we evaluated the effect of MUFA, ω-3 PUFA and ω-6 PUFA intake on pregnancy success, because our previous basic studies showed that these bioactive lipid agents are capable of activating nutritional signals that prevent embryo loss even in a context of a prooxidant and proinflammatory intrauterine environment (Higa et al, 2010 , 2014 ; Roberti et al, 2021 ). Both MUFAs and PUFAs, including essential PUFAs, have relevant biological functions such as nutrigenomic functions, epigenetic functions, activation of the nuclear receptors PPARs, activation of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR), regulation of the fluidity and function of biological membranes and/or regulation of prooxidant/proinflammatory pathways (Jawerbaum and Capobianco, 2011 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Kimura et al, 2020 ; Bordoni et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Besides, the antioxidant status clearly plays a role in PUFAs metabolization (Blokhina et al, 2003 ). In rat studies, we have previously found that a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil, which is highly enriched in oleic acid (18:1 ω-9, ~70%) but also contains linolenic acid (18:2 ω-6, ~15%) and ALA (18:3 ω-3, ~0.5%), increases both ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs in the fetal lungs (Kurtz et al, 2014 ), while diets enriched in either essential ω-6 or ω-3 PUFAs induce beneficial changes in the embryo, placenta and fetal organs from diabetic dams (Higa et al, 2010 ; Jawerbaum and Capobianco, 2011 ; Capobianco et al, 2018 ; Roberti et al, 2021 ). This suggests that the supplementation of essential PUFAs exerts relevant biological functions in reproductive processes, although the mechanisms involved are complex and may include their function as PPAR activators, FFAR activators, or membrane cell function regulators, among others, exerted in part as a result of their highly active derivatives from the ω-6 or ω-3 PUFAs series (Jawerbaum and Gonzalez, 2005 ; Jawerbaum and Capobianco, 2011 ; Bordoni et al, 2021 ).…”

“…By using experimental models of diabetes and pregnancy, characterized by a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory intrauterine environment, we have previously found that dietary supplementation with either MUFAs or PUFAs during pregnancy prevents resorption and malformation rates (Higa et al, 2010 ). Moreover, dietary supplementation with MUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs and ω-3 PUFAs improves rat decidualization as well as PPAR and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, relevant for the histotrophic nutrition of the embryo (Higa et al, 2014 ; Roberti et al, 2021 ). In addition, the interaction of mTOR and PPAR systems, two systems regulated by nutrients, has been found to be critical for decidualization and pregnancy success (Roberti et al, 2018 ).…”

Repurposing chia seed oil: A versatile novel functional food

“…Thermal treatment causes polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation, which destroys free fatty acids (FFAs). This may result in the formation of hazardous compounds and oxidized polymers, rendering it unfit for food industry (Rosas-Mendoza et al, 2017). Due to oxidation of the oil, free radicals are generated that may cause damage to the biological molecules of the cellular architecture such as DNA, proteins, and/or lipids, giving rise to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis.…”

“…It was later reported that feeding 6% chia oil (rich in PUFAs) to diabetic Albino Wistar rats on the 7th, 8th, and 9th days of pregnancy prevented the amplified Foxo1 expression and further reduced miR‐21 (a negative regulator of Foxo1) expression. There was also a marked reduction in the markers of decidual function, implying that dietary PUFAs can protect pregnancies against embryo resorption, decidual mTOR signaling deficiencies, and altered decidual function markers and remodeling in diabetes (Roberti et al., 2021).…”