Dietary α‐cyclodextrin modifies gut microbiota and reduces fat accumulation in high‐fat‐diet‐fed obese mice

Abstract

We investigated the effect of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) on the bacterial populations of gut microbiota, production of organic acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipid metabolism in obese mice induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three diet groups: normal diet (ND) (5% [w/w] fat), HFD (35% [w/w] fat), and HFD (35% [w/w] fat) + 5.5% (w/w) α-CD for 16 weeks. Increases in body and epididymal adipose tissue weights were observed in the HFD group compared with the ND group, which were attenuated in the HFD+α-CD group. The supplementation of α-CD increased the total number of bacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus that were decreased in gut microbiota of mice by feeding the HFD. Importantly, α-CD administration increased the concentrations of lactic acid and SCFAs, such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and decreased glucose concentrations in cecal contents. Furthermore, supplementation of α-CD upregulated the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ involved in adipocyte differentiation and PPARα involved in energy expenditure and downregulated that of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue. This study revealed that the alteration in gut microbiota and increased production of lactic acid and SCFAs by supplementation of α-CD have beneficial antiobesity effects via modulating the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, indicating a prebiotic property of α-CD. © 2018 BioFactors, 2018.

Anti-obesity effects of α-cyclodextrin-stabilized 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate from daikon (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>longipinnatus</i>) in mice

“…It has previously been shown that aCD prevented the body weight gain and reduced atherogenic lipoproteins in human and rats. (13,14,35,36) Nihei et al (29) have reported that 5.5% aCD treatment reduced body weight gain and epididymal fat weight in mice fed HFD [35% (w/w) fat]. Because of its interaction with lecithin precipitation, aCD decreased the micellar cholesterol solubility of dietary fat in intestinal fluid and prevented the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine.…”

“…The differences between our results and those of the previous study may be attributable to the differences in the dose of aCD, diet components, or the type of fat used in the experimental diet. (29) At the molecular level, AITC suppresses the production of Tnf-a by inhibiting the activation of macrophages in adipose tissue. (39) In another study, MTBI was shown to exert a chemoprotective effect, attributed to its antioxidant activity, which is higher than that of vitamins C and E. (40) Oxidative stress is regulated by the balance between the ROS production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.…”

“…Metabolites were extracted and derivatized as described previously, (29) with the following modifications. To extract watersoluble metabolites from the liver, 10 mg liver samples were mixed with 1.0 ml of a MeOH:H 2 O:CHCl 3 mixture (2.5:1:1), and then 10 ml of 0.5 mg/ml 2-isopropylmalic acid (internal standard) was added.…”

Bacteroides uniformis enhances endurance exercise performance through gluconeogenesis

“…The food-grade flaxseed lignans used in this experiment contained approximately 40% (w w -1 ) α-cyclodextrin as an inclusion compound. Alpha-cyclodextrin, a member of the cyclic oligosaccharide family composed of six glucose subunits, was reported to change the gut microbiota and reduce weight gain of epididymal adipose tissue in mice fed with a high-fat diet 20 . We therefore similarly examined the activity of α-cyclodextrin.…”

“…During exercise, subjects maintained a pedal speed of 60 rpm. RPE was measured with the Borg scale at baseline and at 10,20,30,40,45, and 50 min of exercise. In addition, a VAS questionnaire was used to assess fatigue after exercise testing (0, 30, 60 min).…”