Dietary vitamin A intake recommendations revisited: global confusion requires alignment of the units of conversion and expression

Melse‐Boonstra, Alida; Vossenaar, Marieke; Loo-Bouwman, Carolien A. Van; Kraemer, Klaus; Pee, Saskia de; West, Keith P.; Russell, Robert M.; Solomons, Noel W.

doi:10.1017/s1368980017000477

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The results of this study support Melse-Boonstra and colleagues’ (2017) petition to WHO and FAO to organize an expert consultation for reviewing the evidence on the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids to retinol. We would recommend that FCTs/FCDBs publish total vitamin A in both RE and RAE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Vitamin A statistics (intake/supply and requirements) are used worldwide by professionals in governments, academia, health services and the food industry, for a broad set of purposes such as assessing the level of inadequacy by sex-age groups, evaluating the potentiality of the food supply to meet nutrition needs in a country, identifying fortification vehicles, and nutrition-sensitive programming in agriculture. However, producing, reporting, and interpreting vitamin A statistics present multiple challenges ( Melse-Boonstra et al, 2017 ). Analytical difficulties exist when generating and presenting accurate compositional data on vitamin A and provitamin A components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The complexity of producing and interpreting dietary vitamin A statistics

Moltedo

Álvarez-Sánchez

Grande

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

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Highlights 38 of 90 food composition tables reviewed report total vitamin A values poorly. Only 9 tables provide total vitamin A values expressed in both RE and RAE. 25 tables provide enough information to calculate total vitamin A in RE and RAE. Consensus on the conversion of pro-vitamin A carotenoids to retinol is needed. Vitamin A adequacy ratios vary with the unit of intake and source of requirements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of producing and interpreting dietary vitamin A statistics

Moltedo

Álvarez-Sánchez

Grande

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

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“…Finally, it is important to consider that a number of factors can affect the vitamin A absorption and availability and thus its requirements, including the presence and severity of infection and parasites, intestinal or liver disease (such as biliary atresia, cholangitis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), iron and zinc status, stress, fat intake, xenobiotics, protein energy malnutrition, alcohol consumption and the food matrix and food processing. Both insufficient dietary retinoid intake (hypovitaminosis A or VAD) and excessive retinoid consumption resulting in vitamin A concentrations above the physiological range (hypervitaminosis A or vitamin A-toxicity) cause adverse effects to human health, which are paradoxically similar in both situations [ 24 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Vitamin a Metabolism And Retinoid Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung

et al. 2018

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Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved.

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“…It is commercially valuable due to its antioxidant properties and its role in the immune system. The WHO recommends a daily dietary retinol intake of 500–600 μg for adults . However, high-level production of retinol is challenging due to an unbalanced synthetic pathway, intracellular degradation, and susceptibility to oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Pathway Coupled with Fermentation Process Optimization for High-Level Production of Retinol in Yarrowia lipolytica

Ren,

Liu,

Yue

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Retinol is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin A that is crucial for human visual and immune functions. The production of retinol through microbial fermentation has been the focus of recent exploration. However, the obtained titer remains limited and the product is often a mixture of retinal, retinol, and retinoic acid, necessitating purification. To achieve efficient biosynthesis of retinol in Yarrowia lipolytica, we improved the metabolic flux of β-carotene to provide sufficient precursors for retinol in this study. Coupled with the optimization of the expression level of β-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase, de novo production of retinol was achieved. Furthermore, Tween 80 was used as an extractant and butylated hydroxytoluene as an antioxidant to extract intracellular retinol and prevent retinol oxidation, respectively. This strategy significantly increased the level of retinol production. By optimizing the enzymes converting retinal to retinol, the proportion of extracellular retinol in the produced retinoids reached 100%, totaling 1042.3 mg/L. Finally, total retinol production reached 5.4 g/L through fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, comprising 4.2 g/L extracellular retinol and 1.2 g/L intracellular retinol. This achievement represents the highest reported titer so far and advances the industrial production of retinol.

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Dietary vitamin A intake recommendations revisited: global confusion requires alignment of the units of conversion and expression

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

The complexity of producing and interpreting dietary vitamin A statistics

The complexity of producing and interpreting dietary vitamin A statistics

Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung

Metabolic Pathway Coupled with Fermentation Process Optimization for High-Level Production of Retinol in Yarrowia lipolytica

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