Dietary Triacylglycerols with Palmitic Acid in the sn-2 Position Modulate Levels of N-Acylethanolamides in Rat Tissues

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral evidences suggest that the position of palmitic acid (PA) in dietary triacylglycerol (TAG) influences different biological functions. We aimed at evaluating whether dietary fat with highly enriched (87%) PA in sn-2 position (Hsn-2 PA), by increasing PA incorporation into tissue phospholipids (PL), modifies fatty acid profile and biosynthesis of fatty acid—derived bioactive lipids, such as endocannabinoids and their congeners.Study DesignRats were fed for 5 weeks diets containing Hsn-2 PA or fat with PA randomly distributed in TAG with 18.8% PA in sn-2 position (Lsn-2 PA), and similar total PA concentration. Fatty acid profile in different lipid fractions, endocannabinoids and congeners were measured in intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, muscle and brain.ResultsRats on Hsn-2 PA diet had lower levels of anandamide with concomitant increase of its congener palmitoylethanolamide and its precursor PA into visceral adipose tissue phospholipids. In addition, we found an increase of oleoylethanolamide, an avid PPAR alpha ligand, in liver, muscle and brain, associated to higher levels of its precursor oleic acid in liver and muscle, probably derived by elongation and further delta 9 desaturation of PA. Changes in endocannabinoids and congeners were associated to a decrease of circulating TNF alpha after LPS challenge, and to an improved feed efficiency.ConclusionsDietary Hsn-2 PA, by modifying endocannabinoids and congeners biosynthesis in different tissues may potentially concur in the physiological regulation of energy metabolism, brain function and body fat distribution.

Characterisation of Fecal Soap Fatty Acids, Calcium Contents, Bacterial Community and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Sprague Dawley Rats Fed with Different sn-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols Diets

“…In contrast, the standard basic diet contains soybean oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids which is significantly different compared to the diets in the current study which mainly contained PA and oleic acid. Meanwhile, the design of this study was also chosen in previously studies [35, 36]. Despite this minor flaw we believe our work could be a springboard for studying in more detail the relationship between saturated fatty acids bound to the sn -2 position and fecal microbiota compositions or SCFA concentration.…”

Non‐endocannabinoid N‐acylethanolamines and 2‐monoacylglycerols in the intestine

“…2‐OG, 2‐PG and 2‐LG are present in the tissue of the small intestine (Petersen et al, ), but it is unclear whether they are formed in the intestinal cells or originate from diet‐derived 2‐MAGs. However, rats fed a diet enriched in fat, which had palmitic acid in the sn ‐2 position of the triacylglycerol, for 5 weeks had a 1.5‐fold higher level of 2‐PG in the intestinal tissue as compared with the control rats (Carta et al, ), suggesting that at least some of the 2‐MAGs in the tissue originate from the diet.…”

Efeito da ingestão das gorduras interesterificadas sobre vias inflamatórias e metabólicas no fígado e tecido adiposo de camundongos LDLr-KO

“…De acordo com outro estudo, o consumo de dieta enriquecida com palmítico na posição sn-2 induziu maior concentração de fosfolípides em adipócitos, com maior acúmulo desse ácido graxo (Carta et al, 2015).…”

“…Com relação à avaliação do conteúdo proteico, o grupo PALM INTER apresentou maior concentração da proteína TNFα, em comparação aos demais. Uma possível explicação para isso é a maior incorporação de ácido palmítico nos fosfolípides dos adipócitos, observada em estudo prévio realizado em ratos (Carta et al, 2015). A hipertrofia dos adipócitos e a secreção de TNFα são as mais relevantes contribuintes para o desenvolvimento da resistência à insulina no tecido adiposo (Hotamisligil et al, 1993).…”

“…Em função de o ácido graxo na posição sn-2 ser preservado no remanescente de quilomícron, já se demonstrou maior conteúdo de ácidos graxos saturados incorporados à fosfolípide no fígado de ratos alimentados com gorduras interesterificadas, quando comparadas ao óleo de palma (Carta et al, 2015). Provavelmente, essa maior chegada de ácidos graxos saturados possa ser deletéria sobre o metabolismo lipídico hepático.…”