Characterisation of Fecal Soap Fatty Acids, Calcium Contents, Bacterial Community and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Sprague Dawley Rats Fed with Different sn-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols Diets

Abstract

The structure of dietary triacylglycerols is thought to influence fatty acid and calcium absorption, as well as intestinal microbiota population of the host. In the present study, we investigated the impact of palmitic acid (PA) esterified at the sn-2 position on absorption of fatty acid and calcium and composition of intestinal microorganisms in rats fed high-fat diets containing either low sn-2 PA (12.1%), medium sn-2 PA (40.4%) or high sn-2 PA (56.3%), respectively. Fecal fatty acid profiles in the soaps were measured by gas chromatography (GC), while fecal calcium concentration was detected by ICP-MS. The fecal microbial composition was assessed using a 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and fecal short-chain fatty acids were detected by ion chromatograph. Dietary supplementation with a high sn-2 PA fat significantly reduced total fecal contents of fatty acids soap and calcium compared with the medium or low sn-2 PA fat groups. Diet supplementation with sn-2 PA fat did not change the entire profile of the gut microbiota community at phylum level and the difference at genera level also were minimal in the three treatment groups. However, high sn-2 PA fat diet could potentially improve total short-chain fatty acids content in the feces, suggesting that high dietary sn-2 PA fat might have a beneficial effect on host intestinal health.

Regioisomeric and enantiomeric analysis of primary triglycerides in human milk by silver ion and chiral HPLC atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-MS

“…Meanwhile, fatty acid distribution in human milk TG are not random. Over 70% of the palmitic acid is esterified at the second (sn-2) carbon of the TG glycerol backbone, which reduces extraction of fecal soap fatty acids and calcium malabsorption, and promotes early bone mineralization (Wan et al, 2016;Miles and Calder, 2017). Thus, in human milk, not only the species of TG but also the regioisomers and enantiomers of TG play important nutritional and physiological Regioisomeric and enantiomeric analysis of primary triglycerides in human milk by silver ion and chiral HPLC atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-MS roles.…”

Triacylglycerols and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cucumber, Tomato, Pumpkin, and Carrot Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

“…Among the nutrients in these seeds, lipid is one of the most important components, which contains more than 95% triacylglycerols (TAGs) [ 5 , 8 ]. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that not only the fatty acid compositions, but also their binding positions in TAGs play very important roles in the functionality and nutrition values of seed oils [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. For example, binding positions of fatty acids to TAG altered their oxidative stability, calcium absorption, and lipid metabolism [ 11 ].…”

Influence of different dietary oil consumption on nutrient malabsorption: An animal trial using Sprague Dawley rats

“…Previous studies had showed that intake of dietary lipids which was rich in TAGs with palmitic acid at sn-2 positions could effectively decrease the fecal Ca, total lipids, and palmitic acid content. Moreover, it also had positive effects for maintaining the gut homeostasis (Miles & Calder, 2017;Wan et al, 2016), confirming that the composition of the dietary oil could influence the nutrients bioavailability by modulating the gut homeostasis. The gut dysbiosis in turn exacerbated the malabsorption of the nutrients, and affected the host health, as similarly displayed in the present research.…”

“…Folch method was used to extract the total lipids in the fecal samples (Folch et al, 1957). All the samples were pretreated according to the previous studies with some modifications (Shang et al, 2017;Wan et al, 2016). Briefly, accurately weighing about 80 mg of frozen feces sample into the Eppendorf test tube, followed by 800 μl normal saline.…”