Dietary trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Early Glomerular Enlargement and Elevated Renal Cyclooxygenase-2 Levels in Young Obese fa/fa Zucker Rats

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) slows the progression of disease in models of chronic kidney disease. Because obesity is associated with nephropathy and increased renal cyclooxygenase (COX) levels, the effects of dietary CLA on kidney function, morphology, and COX protein levels in the kidneys of young obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats, a model of metabolic syndrome, were examined. In study 1, 6-wk-old fa/fa and lean Zucker rats were given a mixture of CLA isomers (1.5% CLA, wt:wt) or the control diet (CTL) with no CLA for 8 wk. To examine specific isomer effects, study 2 used the same model with the following diets: 0.4% (g/g) cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) CLA; 0.4% trans-10, cis-12 (t10,c12) CLA; a combination of these 2 isomers (0.4% each); or CTL diets with no CLA. In study 1, fa/fa rats given the CLA mixture had 11% smaller kidney weights and 28% smaller glomeruli, and feed intake and body weight did not differ from the CTL rats. In study 2, diet also did not affect body weights, but fa/fa rats given a diet containing t10,c12 CLA had 7% lower kidney weights, 20% smaller glomeruli, and 39% lower COX-2 protein levels than CTL rats. In conclusion, dietary t10,c12 CLA reduces the enlargement of glomeruli in young obesity-associated nephropathy and is associated with lower protein levels of renal COX-2. Long-term studies with CLA supplementation are required to determine whether these changes would lead to reduction in development of renal disease associated with obesity.

Influence of Temperature, Solvent and pH on the Selective Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tiger Nuts by-Products: Triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS Characterization

“…For example, phenolic acids and lignans have been shown to have a positive hepatoprotective action [29]. The anti-inflammatory action of ferulaldehyde was also found in mice by other authors [30]. For all these reasons, it is necessary to consider the most appropriate extraction conditions depending on the compounds desired to obtain.…”

Role of intestinal microecology in the regulation of energy metabolism by dietary polyphenols and their metabolites

“…In addition, polyphenol metabolites showed a strong inhibition toward LPS activation. Ferulaldehyde, a water-soluble degradation product of polyphenols, inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response in mice (136). Urolithins, another group of gut microbiota-derived metabolites of ellagitannins, are responsible for anti-inflammatory properties (137).…”

Resveratrol inhibits glucose‐induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by focal adhesion kinase

“…Resveratrol (trans‐3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene), a stilbenoid, is a phytoalexin polyphenol compound found naturally in foods, such as grapes, peanuts, and mulberries that functions as an estrogen analog . Resveratrol has demonstrated activation of several bioactivities, such as the improvement of vasodilatation and ischemic preconditioning by the activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme , the inhibition of platelet aggregation and VSMC proliferation , anti‐tumor activity , and anti‐inflammation activity . The resveratrol properties at multiple levels, such as cellular signaling, enzymatic pathways, apoptosis, and gene expression have been discussed regarding the relationship with reactive oxygen species, regulation of proinflammatory genes including cycloxygenases and cytokines in molecular inflammatory and aging processes, and explore the regulation of these activities by resveratrol with health beneficial properties lead to a prevention of vascular diseases .…”