Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

Borghi, Loris; Meschi, Tiziana; Maggiore, Umberto; Prati, Beatrice

doi:10.1301/nr.2006.jul.301-312

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Increased intake requirements may be required during periods of increased insensible water loss. Regarding fluids other than water, reports suggest that fluids that increase urinary pH and citrate excretion such as orange juice, lemonade, and black currant juice, as well as those that increase urinary volume such as coffee, tea, beer, and wine, reduce the risk of calcium stone formation 43 . Conversely, grapefruit juices seem to increase the risk of calcium-based stones 43,44 .…”

Section: Medical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithiasis in Children

Copelovitch

2012

Pediatric Clinics of North America

129

104

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Childhood urolithiasis is an evolving condition with an increasing incidence and prevalence over the last 2 decades. Over that time the underlying cause has shifted from predominantly infectious to metabolic in nature. This review describes the pathophysiology, underlying metabolic abnormalities, clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of childhood urolithiasis. A comprehensive metabolic evaluation is essential for all children with renal calculi, given the high rate of recurrence and the importance of excluding inherited progressive conditions.

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Section: Medical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithiasis in Children

Copelovitch

2012

Pediatric Clinics of North America

129

104

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“…Sodium intake has a major role as a risk factor for stone formation in view of the fact that high urinary sodium excretion has been repeatedly associated with hypercalciuria in adult and pediatric populations [90, 91]. Sakhaee et al have shown that sodium loading in healthy adult subjects increases urinary pH and the relative supersaturation ratios of brushite and monosodium urate but reduces urinary citrate excretion and serum bicarbonate levels [92].…”

Section: Differences In Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis

2010

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Archeological findings give profound evidence that humans have suffered from kidney and bladder stones for centuries. Bladder stones were more prevalent during older ages, but kidney stones became more prevalent during the past 100 years, at least in the more developed countries. Also, treatment options and conservative measures, as well as 'surgical' interventions have also been known for a long time. Our current preventive measures are definitively comparable to those of our predecessors. Stone removal, first lithotomy for bladder stones, followed by transurethral methods, was definitively painful and had severe side effects. Then, as now, the incidence of urolithiasis in a given population was dependent on the geographic area, racial distribution, socio-economic status and dietary habits. Changes in the latter factors during the past decades have affected the incidence and also the site and chemical composition of calculi, with calcium oxalate stones being now the most prevalent. Major differences in frequency of other constituents, particularly uric acid and struvite, reflect eating habits and infection risk factors specific to certain populations. Extensive epidemiological observations have emphasized the importance of nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, and specific dietary advice is, nowadays, often the most appropriate for prevention and treatment of urolithiasis.

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“…Apart from low urinary volumes ( 2 L/day) and low urinary flow rates other risk factors for kidney stones exist. (Borghi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

Products¹

2010

EFS2

326

114

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This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the setting of dietary reference values for water for specific age groups. Adequate Intakes (AI) have been defined derived from a combination of observed intakes in population groups with desirable osmolarity values of urine and desirable water volumes per energy unit consumed. The reference values for total water intake include water from drinking water, beverages of all kind, and from food moisture and only apply to conditions of moderate environmental temperature and moderate physical activity levels (PAL 1.6). AIs for infants in the first half of the first year of life are estimated to be 100-190 mL/kg per day. For infants 6-12 months of age a total water intake of 800-1000 mL/day is considered adequate. For the second year of life an adequate total water intake of 1100-1200 mL/day is defined by interpolation, as intake data are not available. AIs of water for children are estimated to be 1300 mL/day for boys and girls 2-3 years of age; 1600 mL/day for boys and girls 4-8 years of age; 2100 mL/day for boys 9-13 years of age; 1900 mL/day for girls 9-13 years of age. Adolescents of 14 years and older are considered as adults with respect to adequate water intake. Available data for adults permit the definition of AIs as 2.0 L/day (P 95 3.1 L) for females and 2.5 L/day (P95 4.0 L) for males. The same AIs as for adults are defined for the elderly. For pregnant women the same water intake as in non-pregnant women plus an increase in proportion to the increase in energy intake (300 mL/day) is proposed. For lactating women adequate water intakes of about 700 mL/day above the AIs of non-lactating women of the same age are derived. KEY WORDSWater, total body water, hydration, osmolarity, water balance, regulation, distribution, consumption, water loss, water requirement, adequate intake SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific Opinion on Population Reference Intakes.Water is consumed from different sources, which include drinking water (tap and bottled water), beverages, moisture content of foods, and water produced by oxidative processes in the body. Water intake from beverages and foods is defined as total water intake, while the sum of total water intake and oxidation water constitutes total available water.Water is essential for practically all functions of the body and is particularly important for thermoregulation.A water intake which balances losses and thereby assures adequate hydration of body tissues is essential for health and life.The water content of the body and the distribution of body water over the intracellular and extracellular compartments of the body changes with age, but is under tight homeostatic control for an individual in a given stage of life.Loss of body weight, denoting loss of body water, of about 1% is normally compensated within 24 hours. Without compensation and furthe...

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Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Urolithiasis in Children

Urolithiasis in Children

History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

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