Dietary supplementation with different types of fiber in gestation and lactation: effects on sow serum biochemical values and performance

Weng, Ruey-Chee

doi:10.5713/ajas.19.0545

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Interestingly, a lower stillbirth rate (SR) was reported when sows were fed mixed DF sources during gestation (Feyera et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2020). An increased litter birth and weaning weight (Veum et al, 2009;Weng, 2020) as well as improved colostrum intake and preweaning survival of the pigs (Guillemet et al, 2007;Loisel et al, 2013;Theil et al, 2014) were observed in sows fed high DF diets. On the other hand, supplementation of extra energy during the transition period is important to improve energy status of the sow at farrowing and the farrowing process (Feyera et al, 2018;Nielsen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of four fiber-rich supplements on nutrient digestibility, colostrum production, and farrowing performance in sows

Feyera

Eskildsen

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary fiber (DF) sources on sow and litter performance, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients. A total of 48 sows were stratified for body weight at mating and randomly assigned to one of four DF sources (mixed fiber [MF], palm kernel expellers [PKE], sugar beet pulp [SBP], or soy hulls [SH]) and fed the diet from mating until farrowing. Within DF treatments, sows were supplemented with one of two extra energy sources (glycerol or sugar dissolved in water), whereas a third group (control) received water from day 108 of gestation until farrowing. The number of total born, live-born, and stillborn pigs; birth time and birth weight of the pigs; farrowing duration; and farrowing assistance (FA) were recorded. Live-born pigs were weighed again at 12 and 24 h after birth to record weight gain, which was used to estimate intake and yield of colostrum. Blood samples were collected once daily from day −3 relative to farrowing until day 1 after farrowing in sows and once from selected pigs right after birth. Fecal samples were collected on day 114 of gestation and colostrum at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h after onset of farrowing. Intake of soluble and insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) was greater for SBP (P < 0.001) and PKE (P < 0.001) supplemented sows, respectively, when compared with other groups. Farrowing duration and stillbirth rate were not affected by DF sources, but PKE and SH supplemented sows had greater FA than SBP and MF supplemented sows (P < 0.001). Extra energy supplement did not improve the farrowing performance. Concentration (P = 0.02) and output (P = 0.04) of dry matter in colostrum, and ATTD of GE (P < 0.001) and crude protein (CP; P < 0.001) were lower for PKE supplemented sows than in sows from the remaining groups. Intake of insoluble NSP correlated negatively with ATTD of GE (P < 0.001) and CP (P < 0.001). Concentrations of glucose (P < 0.001), lactate (P < 0.001), CO2 (P < 0.001), and HCO3 (P < 0.001) in sows blood were increased with time progress relative to farrowing. Newborn pigs from PKE supplemented sows had greater concentration of lactate (P = 0.02) and lower blood pH (P = 0.02) than the remaining treatments. In conclusion, PKE supplement reduced ATTD of GE and CP, and concentration and output of dry matter in colostrum but increased FA. Results of this experiment indicated that the use of PKE as a fiber source for late gestating sows should be avoided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of four fiber-rich supplements on nutrient digestibility, colostrum production, and farrowing performance in sows

Feyera

Eskildsen

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Fibers refer to plant cell wall components, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, which need to be fermented in the gastrointestinal tract to provide energy. A fiber-rich diet during gestation increases female reproductive success through modulation of her gut microbiota composition, with consequences for the offspring's immune development (T cell maturation, antioxidant defense) and birth weight (mice (Mus musculus): Nakajima et al 2017;humans: Hu et al 2019;domestic pigs: Li et al 2019;Weng 2019;Zhuo et al 2020). Consuming more fibers during gestation may be selected in Assamese macaques for its beneficial effect on female reproductive performance.…”

Section: Gestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of reproductive state on activity budget, feeding behavior, and urinary C-peptide levels in wild female Assamese macaques

Touitou

Heistermann

Schülke

et al. 2021

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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The source of maternal energy supporting reproduction (i.e., stored or incoming) is an important factor determining different breeding strategies (capital, income or mixed) in female mammals. Key periods of energy storage and allocation might induce behavioral and physiological shifts in females, and investigating their distribution throughout reproduction helps in determining vulnerable phases shaping female reproductive success. Here, we examined the effects of reproductive state on activity budget, feeding behavior, and urinary C-peptide (uCP) levels, a physiological marker of energy balance, in 43 wild female Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis). Over a 13-month study period, we collected 96,266 instantaneous records of activity and 905 urine samples. We found that early lactating females and non-gestating–non-lactating females follow an energy-saving strategy consisting of resting more at the expense of feeding and consuming mostly fruits which contributed to enhancing their energy intake and feeding efficiency. We found an opposite pattern in gestating and late lactating females who feed more at the expense of resting and consume mostly seeds, providing a fiber-rich diet. Storing food into cheek pouches increased throughout gestation while it decreased all along with lactation. Lastly, we found the highest uCP levels during late gestation. Our results reflect different feeding adaptations in response to the energetic costs of reproduction and suggest a critical role of fat accumulation before conception and metabolizing fat during gestation and lactation. Overall, our study provides an integrative picture of the energetics of reproduction in a seasonal species and contributes to our understanding of the diversity of behavioral and physiological adaptations shaping female reproductive success. Significance statement To offset their substantial energetic investment in reproduction, mammalian females may modify their behavior and the way they extract energy from their environment. In addition, as a result of heightened energy expenditure, female reproduction might trigger physiological shifts. To date, most studies investigated the energetic costs of female reproduction using either a behavioral or a physiological approach. To arrive at a more comprehensive picture, we combined behavioral data with a physiological marker of energy balance, i.e., urinary C-peptide, in a seasonal primate species in its natural habitat. Our results indicate that throughout the reproductive cycle, behavioral and physiological adaptations operate concomitantly, inducing modifications in female activity budget, feeding behavior, and suggesting shifts in fat use. Overall, our results illustrate the relevance of combining data on behavior and hormones to investigate breeding strategies in coping with the energetic costs of reproduction.

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“…In the above studies, beet pulp and flaxseed meal mainly included soluble fiber, while bran, oat hulls, and feeding bamboo powder mainly included insoluble fiber, indicating that serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels might be associated with dietary fiber level instead of fiber sources. Another study showed that the effects of fiber type on serum biochemical parameters for lipid metabolism were different at different stages of sows ( Weng, 2020 ). Thus, it was necessary to explore the regulation effect of feeding bamboo powder in different physiological stages, and its effects on fat digestibility and milk fat content in sows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets

Dai

Lin²,

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThis study was conducted to explore the effects of supplementary feeding of bamboo powder on the physical parameters of sows during the perinatal period of 7 days ± in parturition, including farrow duration, serum biochemical indexes, fecal physicochemical indexes, and microbial flora.MethodsThirty pregnant sows were randomly divided into three groups: the control group was fed a basal diet, TRE1 group and TRE2 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 g d−1 and 60 g d−1 bamboo powder, respectively. Multiple parameters of sows and offspring piglets were determined.ResultsThe contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of sows in TRE2 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The contents of serum malondialdehyde of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly lower than that in control group. The water content of sow feces in TRE2 group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the pH values of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly higher than that in control group. The richness index (Chao) of sow fecal bacterial community in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the Ace and Sobs indexes tended to be lower than those of the control group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while that of Fusobacteriota in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. At the genus level, among the Top10 dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group while that of Fusobacterium in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. The relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter, Turicibacter, and Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.05), while Lactobacillus tended to be higher than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.10).DiscussionThe results suggested that supplementary feeding 60 g d−1 bamboo powder could increase the water content in the feces of sows, reduce the oxidative damage, and tend to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Fusobacterium for suckling piglets, while it reduced the fecal microbial diversity of sows.

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Dietary supplementation with different types of fiber in gestation and lactation: effects on sow serum biochemical values and performance

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of four fiber-rich supplements on nutrient digestibility, colostrum production, and farrowing performance in sows

Impact of four fiber-rich supplements on nutrient digestibility, colostrum production, and farrowing performance in sows

The effect of reproductive state on activity budget, feeding behavior, and urinary C-peptide levels in wild female Assamese macaques

Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets

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