Dietary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has beneficial effects on bone and oxidative metabolism in European quail breeders

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with canthaxanthin ( Cx ) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ( 25-OH-D 3 ) on the production performance, egg quality, bone mineral content, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of European quail breeders. Two hundred and forty quail breeders were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicates of 4 females and 2 males were used. All quail breeders received one of 5 diets: basal diet (containing 2,000 IU vitamin D 3 ) or the same diet supplemented with 3 ppm Cx and 34.5 μg 25-OH-D 3 , 6 ppm Cx and 69 μg 25-OH-D 3 , 9 ppm Cx and 103.5 μg 25-OH-D 3 , or 12 ppm Cx and 138 μg 25-OH-D 3 . Production performance and internal and external egg quality parameters were not influenced by diet. Eggshell dry weight decreased linearly with increasing supplementation levels, and eggshell ash and calcium content increased quadratically. Plasma phosphorus, calcium, and ionic calcium levels in females and plasma ionic calcium levels in males showed a positive quadratic response to dietary supplementation. Femoral and tibiotarsal dry weight and calcium content were influenced by diet. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) radical scavenging activity in the liver of males and females and in the serum of females showed a positive quadratic relationship with Cx and 25-OH-D 3 levels, whereas the malonaldehyde concentration showed a negative quadratic relationship. DPPH scavenging activity in the serum of male quail increased linearly with supplementation. There was a positive quadratic effect on superoxide dismutase gene expression and a positive linear effect on glutathione peroxidase 7 gene expression, suggesting that dietary enrichment with Cx and 25-OH-D 3 might help protect spermatozoa against oxidative damage. The dietary supplement was pro-oxidative at high concentrations (above 9 ppm Cx). The results indicate that diets with adequate levels of Cx and 25-OH-D 3 have a beneficial effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism as well as on the antioxidant defense system. We recommend supplementing European quail breeders in the laying period with 6 ppm Cx and 69 μg 25-OH-D 3 .

Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Japanese Quail as Affected by Dietary High Dietary Vitamin a and D3 Supplementation Doses.

“…However, concerning with the main effect of vitamin D3 effects, no significant difference due to vitamin D3 on FCR during the whole experiment. These results are consistent with Bonagurio et al (2020) who reported that supplementation of (25-OH-D3 did not influence FCR. Fatahi et al (2019) reported that the feed conversion ratio in 4000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 (3.…”

“…The results of vitamin D3 supplementation indicated that, there were no significant differences in feed consumption when adding vitamin D3 with all levels during the experiment periods. The obtained results agreed with Bonagurio et al (2020) who reported that supplementation of (25-OH-D3 did not influence FC. Also, Adhikari et al (2020) showed that there was no difference in FC between hens fed diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin D3 and 25-OHD.…”

Calcium Requirement and Vitamin D Supplementation in Meat-Type Quail at First Stage of Growth

“…An inadequate amount of Ca and vitamin D supplementation during the initial phase may cause an imbalance in mineral homeostasis, inappropriate bone development and abnormal calcification. Bonagurio et al (2020), evaluated that die-tary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has beneficial effects on bone (femoral and tibiotarsal dry weight and calcium content) in European quail breeders, but production performance was not influenced by diet. Sheikhlar & Navid (2009), evaluated four different levels of 1,25-Dihydroxycolecalciferol supplementation (from 2.5 to 8.5 ug/kg 1,25 (OH) 2 D3) in diets containing 0.71% Ca and 0.37% total phosphorus in quails between 0 to 3 weeks of age; they did not observe an effect of vitamin D supplementation on WG or FC.…”

Dietary supplementation with canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the incubation performance and fertility of European quail breeders

“…Canthaxanthin ( Cx ) combined with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ( 25-OH-D 3 ) is a commercial additive commom applied in diets of poultry. Supplementation of breeder diets with synthetic carotenoids, such as Cx, successfully increase the concentration of antioxidant compounds and, consequently, reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species ( Surai et al, 2016 ), in the oviduct trait ( Bonagurio et al, 2020 ), plasma and serum ( Karadas et al, 2016 ), and cell membranes ( Mathimaran et al, 2021 ). Although, the Cx supplementation inhibits polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) peroxidation in sperm cell membranes, increasing sperm cell survival and flock fertility ( Rosa et al, 2012 ).…”

“…This vitamin D metabolite has a high absorption rate and increases the efficiency of calcium absorption in the intestine. As a consequence of an increased circulating calcium levels, breeders produce eggs with a thicker shell ( Bonagurio et al, 2020 ), minimizing the risk of breakage and contamination of the egg with infectious agents ( Bar et al, 1980 ).…”