Dietary sodium, an independent determinant for urinary deoxypyridinoline in elderly women. A cross-sectional study on the effect of dietary factors on deoxypyridinoline excretion in 24-h urine specimens from 763 free-living healthy Japanese

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium, protein and calcium in habitual diets on bone resorption. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: A community-based study. Subjects: Healthy free-living male (n 342) and female (n 421) volunteers aged 20 ± 79 y recruited for a health and nutrition examination survey conducted by a local government. Methods: Bone resorption was assessed by the measurement of free deoxypyridinoline in 24 h urine. Dietary assessment was by one-day dietary record method. Sodium and urea in 24 h urine were also measured for assessment of sodium and protein intake. The relationships between deoxypyridinoline excretion and the dietary factors were examined using correlation and multiple regression statistics. Results: In women aged 50 ± 79 y, protein intake was positively associated with deoxypyridinoline excretion (P`0.05); and the urinary deoxypyridinolineacreatinine ratio was positively associated with both the urinary calciumacreatinine ratio (P`0.01) and sodiumacreatinine ratio (P`0.05). In the multiple regression model, the association of the deoxypyridinolineacreatinine ratio and sodiumacreatinine ratio was still signi®cant (P`0.05) after adjustment for possible confounders, in this sex and age group. Conclusion: In elderly women, habitual excess sodium in diets may result in bone loss through accelerated bone resorption. Sponsorship: Grant from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan.

A 7-week reduction in salt intake does not contribute to markers of bone metabolism in young healthy subjects

“…Bone resorption, indicated by urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), increased due to sodium load only in postmenopausal women, and significant differences between pre-and postmenopausal women were seen in s-PTH and urinary-DPD. This is in agreement with other studies, indicating that there are differences in the metabolic responses to sodium between the young and the elderly (Breslau et al, 1985;Itoh et al, 1999). Although the association between sodium intake and bone resorption in young subjects has been found in several studies (Goulding, 1981;Goulding & Lim, 1983;Chan et al 1992;Itoh & Suyama, 1996;Jones et al, 1997), opposite findings also exist (Castenmiller et al, 1985;Ginty et al, 1998).…”

Estimation model for habitual 24-hour urinary-sodium excretion using simple questionnaires from normotensive Koreans

“…Sodium intake has been reported to be a known risk factor for hypertension in many, animal as well as epidemiological studies [ 1 – 4 ]. Excess sodium intake additionally is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke [ 5 , 6 ], renal disease [ 7 ], stomach cancer [ 8 ], and osteoporosis [ 9 , 10 ]. Although the WHO recommends a sodium intake of <2,000 mg/d (<5 g/d salt) to prevent diet-related chronic diseases [ 11 ], the average level among Koreans exceeds that level by approximately two-fold [ 12 ].…”

Association between Sodium Excretion and Obesity of Adults in Gwangju

“…하지만 과도한 Na 섭취는 고혈압을 가져 올 뿐 아니라 뇌졸중의 유발을 촉진시키며 이로 인한 사망 위 험률을 2.33배나 증가시킨다 [17][18][19]. 또한 위암발생에도 관여하며 [20], 골다공증을 유발하는 것으로 보고되었다 [21,22]. [15].…”