A 7-week reduction in salt intake does not contribute to markers of bone metabolism in young healthy subjects

Natri, Anna-Mari; Kärkkäinen, Merja; Ruusunen, Marita; Puolanne, Eero; Lamberg‐Allardt, Christel

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602074

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This was accompanied by a lower urinary excretion of both sodium and calcium, but there were no changes in calcitropic hormones. Conversely, in younger men and women (21–39 yr of age) given a low salt diet for 7 wk, there were no detectable changes in markers of bone metabolism (34) . However, this was a parallel design study, which is not as robust as the cross‐over design used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sodium and Bone Health: Impact of Moderately High and Low Salt Intakes on Calcium Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Teucher¹,

Dainty²,

Spinks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

125

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ABSTRACT:High salt intake is a well-recognized risk factor for osteoporosis because it induces calciuria, but the effects of salt on calcium metabolism and the potential impact on bone health in postmenopausal women have not been fully characterized. This study investigated adaptive mechanisms in response to changes in salt and calcium intake in postmenopausal women. Eleven women completed a randomized cross-over trial consisting of four successive 5-wk periods of controlled dietary intervention, each separated by a minimum 4-wk washout. Moderately low and high calcium (518 versus 1284 mg) and salt (3.9 versus 11.2 g) diets, reflecting lower and upper intakes in postmenopausal women consuming a Western-style diet, were provided. Stable isotope labeling techniques were used to measure calcium absorption and excretion, compartmental modeling was undertaken to estimate bone calcium balance, and biomarkers of bone formation and resorption were measured in blood and urine. Moderately high salt intake (11.2 g/d) elicited a significant increase in urinary calcium excretion (p ‫ס‬ 0.0008) and significantly affected bone calcium balance with the high calcium diet (p ‫ס‬ 0.024). Efficiency of calcium absorption was higher after a period of moderately low calcium intake (p < 0.05) but was unaffected by salt intake. Salt was responsible for a significant change in bone calcium balance, from positive to negative, when consumed as part of a high calcium diet, but with a low calcium intake, the bone calcium balance was negative on both high and low salt diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sodium and Bone Health: Impact of Moderately High and Low Salt Intakes on Calcium Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Teucher¹,

Dainty²,

Spinks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

125

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“…Conversely, in a crossover trial of high versus low sodium intake for one week, no changes in bone resorption or calcium absorption were observed in 11 premenopausal women, although urinary calcium excretion increased [26]. Similarly, in a randomized seven-week trial of reduced sodium intake that included 15 young women (as well as 14 men), urinary sodium decreased but no group differences were seen in serum bone turnover markers [27]. The small sample sizes and short duration of these studies, however, may have limited their power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Urinary Sodium, a Proxy for Intake, Is Associated with Increased Calcium Excretion and Lower Hip Bone Density in Healthy Young Women with Lower Calcium Intakes

Bedford¹,

Barr

2011

Nutrients

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We assessed 24-h urinary sodium (Na) and its relationship with urinary calcium (Ca) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the whole body, lumbar spine and total hip in a cross-sectional study. 102 healthy non-obese women completed timed 24-h urine collections which were analyzed for Na and Ca. Dietary intakes were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants were grouped as those with lower vs. higher calcium intake by median split (506 mg/1000 kcal). Dietary Na intake correlated with 24-h urinary loss. Urinary Na correlated positively with urinary Ca for all participants (r = 0.29, p < 0.01) and among those with lower (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) but not higher calcium intakes (r = 0.19, p = 0.19). Urinary Na was inversely associated with hip aBMD for all participants (r = −0.21, p = 0.04) and among women with lower (r = −0.36, p < 0.01) but not higher (r = −0.05, p = 0.71) calcium intakes. Urinary Na also entered a regression equation for hip aBMD in women with lower Ca intakes, contributing 5.9% to explained variance. In conclusion, 24-h urinary Na (a proxy for intake) is associated with higher urinary Ca loss in young women and may affect aBMD, particularly in those with lower calcium intakes.

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“…Lin et al [6] reported that consumption of diets containing 3 levels of sodium (50, 100 and 150 mmol/day) increased parathyroid hormone (PTH), but did not significantly change serum concentrations of osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen in men and women. Other studies also reported that the effects of high sodium consumption on bone resorption were observed in postmenopausal women [11,23,24] , but not in younger adults or men [19,23,25,26] . These results were consistent with our study in that sodium excretion was negatively associated with bone mass in women, but not in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Bone Health in Male and Female Adults

Park

Kwon

2016

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: High salt intake is a well-known risk factor for osteoporosis, but the association between bone mass and urinary sodium excretion has not been studied as yet. This study investigates the hypothesis that urinary sodium excretion is negatively associated with bone mass and the risk of osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011. Participants (n = 16,279) were divided into age groups; men were categorized as younger than 50 years of age or 50 years or greater, women were categorized as pre- or post-menopausal. Results: Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that urinary sodium excretion was negatively associated with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Sodium excretion was negatively associated with BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine in women with normal bone health, osteopenia and osteoporosis, but there was no association in men. Increased sodium excretion was significantly associated with risk for osteoporosis/osteopenia in premenopausal women. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that urinary sodium excretion is negatively associated with bone health, suggesting that high salt intake could be a possible risk factor for osteoporosis in Korean women, but not in men.

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A 7-week reduction in salt intake does not contribute to markers of bone metabolism in young healthy subjects

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Sodium and Bone Health: Impact of Moderately High and Low Salt Intakes on Calcium Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Sodium and Bone Health: Impact of Moderately High and Low Salt Intakes on Calcium Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Higher Urinary Sodium, a Proxy for Intake, Is Associated with Increased Calcium Excretion and Lower Hip Bone Density in Healthy Young Women with Lower Calcium Intakes

Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Bone Health in Male and Female Adults

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