Dietary requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine (branched-chain amino acids) by juvenile red drumSciaenops ocellatus

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum dietary requirements of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine [Leu], isoleucine [Ile] and valine [Val]) for juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. This was accomplished by conducting three independent 49-day feeding trials with juvenile red drum. Experimental diets were pre-pared by supplementing a basal diet containing 370 g/kg crude protein from red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids with incremental levels of Leu (9.0, 13.0, 17.0, 21.0, 25.0 and 29.0 g/kg of dry diet), Ile (5.0, 8.0, 11.0, 14.0, 17.0 and 20.0 g/kg of dry diet)and Val (6.8, 8.0, 9.2, 10.4, 11.6, 12.8 and 14.0 g/kg of dry diet). Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily in each trial, after which growth performance parameters were calculated and body composition and concentrations of BCAAs in plasma were analysed. Incremental levels of dietary Leu, Ile and Val significantly affected weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention. Analyses of the weight gain data using a broken-line regression model estimated the minimum Leu, Ile and Val requirements for maximum growth of juvenile red drum to be 15.7 ± 1.7 g/kg (±95% confidence interval), 11.1 ± 2.3 g/kg and 12.4 ± 0.6 g/kg of dry diet, respectively. K E Y W O R D Samino acid requirement, branched-chain amino acids, indispensable amino acid, red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

Dietary valine levels affect growth, protein utilisation, immunity and antioxidant status in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)

“…Results of the present study indicated that the optimum dietary Val requirement for maximum WG% of juvenile hybrid groupers was estimated to be 3•16 % of dietary protein (corresponding to 1•56 % of DM). This value was approximately equal to that (2•96 %) reported in channel catfish (5) and red drum (3•2-3•5 %) (6) , but higher than that reported for lake trout (1•77-2•23 %) (3) and red sea bream (2 %) (4) , lower than that reported for golden pompano (4•6-4•7 %) (12) , grass carp (4•77-4•82 %) (13) and rainbow trout (3•85-4•1 %) (9) . The discrepancies among these research findings may be ascribed to various factors including differences in genetics of the various fish species, environment conditions during the growth trial and fish size/age.…”

“…Values have been quantified for the following species: lake trout (1•77-2•23 %) (3) , red sea bream (2 %) (4) , channel catfish (2•96 %) (5) , red drum (3•2-3•5 %) (6) , Indian major carp (3•8 %) (7) , blunt snout bream (3•71-3•88 %) (8) , rainbow trout (3•85-4•1 %) (9) , Jian carp (4 %) (10) , Nile tilapia, (4•11-4•53 %) (11) , golden pompano (4•6-4•7 %) (12) and grass carp (4•77-4•82 %) (13) . However, dietary Val imbalance (deficiency or excess) has also been reported to negatively influence growth performance, feed efficiency (FE), protein deposition and antioxidant status of fish (4,7,10) .…”

Effect of dietary isoleucine level on growth, protein retention efficiency, haematological parameter, lysozyme activity and serum antioxidant status of fingerlingChanna punctatus(Bloch)

“…The present results suggested that isoleucine is an EAA and fish are able to utilize the crystalline isoleucine for growth. Higher dietary isoleucine level caused reduced growth performance in this study and other studies (Castillo & Gatlin, ; Khan & Abidi, ; Millamena et al, ; Ren et al, ; Zehra & Khan, ) which may be attributed to excessive amino acid intake resulting in energy expenditure for deamination, lower palatability, excess accumulation and oxidation of ketones and other toxic metabolites (Khan & Abidi, ; Ren et al, ).…”

Dietary L-Valine Improved Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, and Alleviated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in the Intestine of Juvenile Largemouth Bass Micropterus Punctulatus After Infection With Aeromonas Veronii

“…Diets supplemented with Val augmented the FBW, PWG, and SGR, suggesting that dietary Val stimulated the growth of largemouth bass. Similar observations have been reported in Nile tilapia [5], red drum [7], and golden pompano [6]. The quadratic regression analysis for SGR showed that the dietary Val requirement of the largemouth bass (37.99-162.92 g) was 21.50 g Val/kg of the diet, the equivalent of 46.64 g/kg of dietary protein.…”

“…Read Full License Introduction Valine (Val) is required by sh [1] and is involved in multiple physiological processes including protein synthesis, lipolysis, and immunity [2][3][4]. Val deprivation reduces both growth and feed e ciency, as reported for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus [1,5], juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus [6], juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatusand [7], juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala [8], juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major [9], grass carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella [3], and Jian carp Cyprinus carpio var. Jian [10].…”