Dietary Protein, Energy and Volume in Pullet Grower Diets as Related to Growing and Laying Performance

Wolf, Jimmie D.; Gleaves, Earl W.; Tonkinson, Lealon V.; Thayer, Rollin H.; Morrison, Robert

doi:10.3382/ps.0480559

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As the dietary energy level increased FC decreased and FE "improved." These findings are in agreement with those of Wolf et al (1969).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 95%

“…calculation. The energy consumption found here is lower than that of Wolf et al (1969) who reported consumptions of 202, 201 and 205 M.E. kcal.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The age at first egg between the several energy levels was not different although they consumed different levels of protein (9.6, 8.5, 8.4 and 10.6 g./bird/day for the four treatments respectively). Wolf et al (1969) indicated that sexual maturity and protein consumption were inversely related. It should also be pointed out again that the LR pullets were placed on the lay diets at 50% production in the first two experiments and at 20 weeks of age in the third experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Combinations of Restricted Feeding, Lighting and Energy Levels on Performance of Growing Pullets and Subsequent Layer Performance

Miller

Sunde

1975

Poultry Science

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Commercial strain cross (Leghorn type) pullets were fed diets containing 1820, 2040 or 2200 P.E. kcal./kg. from eight to 19 or 20 weeks of age. One-fourth of the birds were maintained on the middle energy diet with natural light while the others were restricted to six hours of light per day from 13 weeks of age to 19 or 20 weeks of age.During the growing phase the light and feed restriction (LR) program did not increase mortality above the non-restricted (NR) control birds, but the LR treatment did produce birds of lighter body weight (1272 g.) on less feed as compared to the NR (1412 g.). As the energy level of the LR birds increased the feed consumption and g. feed per g. of gain decreased.During the egg production phase it was found that LR program delayed sexual maturity by 11 days, but egg weight, shell rigidity, body weight at 68 weeks and feed consumption were not affected.Proper use of time clocks will permit a combination of light and feed restriction in commercial units. ABSTRACTThe toxicity of dietary lead in Japanese quail was investigated. The data indicated that dietary lead, in the form of lead acetate, was toxic to young quail at the level of 500 p.p.m. and this toxicity was evidenced by an inhibition of normal growth and by anemia. The anemic state in the lead toxic quail was more readily detected by reduced blood hemoglobin concentrations than by packed cell volumes. In addition, the data suggested that lead interfered with normal sexual development in the males. Lead at levels as high as 1000 p.p.m. did not prevent normal primary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes.

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“…As the dietary energy level increased FC decreased and FE "improved." These findings are in agreement with those of Wolf et al (1969).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 95%

“…calculation. The energy consumption found here is lower than that of Wolf et al (1969) who reported consumptions of 202, 201 and 205 M.E. kcal.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Combinations of Restricted Feeding, Lighting and Energy Levels on Performance of Growing Pullets and Subsequent Layer Performance

Miller

Sunde

1975

Poultry Science

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“…These data confirm the observations of Leeson and Summers (1981) that suggest that the limiting factor in controlling pullet growth rate is the bird's voluntary limit to energy intake. Similarly, Wolf et al (1969) previously indicated that dietary energy and protein level have little effect on energy intake, and that diet volume was the only factor significantly influencing energy consumption up to maturity.…”

Section: *^mentioning

confidence: 82%

Use of Single-Stage Low Protein Diets for Growing Leghorn Pullets

Leeson

Summers

1982

Poultry Science

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Two experiments were conducted in which growing White Leghorn pullets were fed single-stage 14% CP diets from 0 to 19 weeks. In the first trial, diet treatments were 1) conventional step-down protein, 2) reverse-protein, 3) 14% CP single-stage with methionine and lysine adjusted to 2 and 5% of CP, respectively, 4) as per 3 to 12 weeks followed by 14% CP with no amino acid constraints to 19 weeks. Each treatment was tested with 14 replicated cages each of 11 commercial strain Leghorn pullets. Single-stage 14% CP diets reduced pullet weight to 16 weeks relative to conventionalLy fed birds, although after this time no significant (P greater than .05) effect was observed. Pullets fed the reverse-protein diets were significantly (P less than .01) smaller than birds from all other treatments. During a subsequent 52-week laying period, rearing treatment had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, shell deformation, feed intake, or Haugh units. A second trial was conducted to note the effect of energy level on the birds' response to low-protein diets. Diets of 14.4% CP were formulated to provide either 2610 or 3164-kcal ME/kg. A third treatment allowed for self-selection of two diets providing concentrated sources fo protein or energy. Each treatment was tested with nine replicate cages of 10 commercial strain White Leghorn pullets. Dietary energy had little effect on pullet development. Although birds offered the low-energy diets consistently consumed more protein, diet had no effect on body weight or carcass composition at 18 weeks. The data indicate that single-stage low-protein diets are suitable for growing pullets to maturity. Compared to a conventional step-down protein program, the single-stage 14% CP diet does not control body weight but does give comparable laying performance, albeit at reduced protein intake during rearing. The simplicity of the program is discussed relative to industry needs.

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“…Energy level of the rearing diet has a questionable effect on pullet growth and performance. Maclntyre and Aitken (1957), Berg (1959), Wolf et al (1969), and Cunningham and Morrison (1977) reported no effect of energy level on body weight gain. Berg and Bearse (1958), Berg et al (1963), Bolton et al (1970), and Cunningham and Morrison (1977) found no effect of dietary energy level on mortality to laying age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of Step-Down and Step-Up Protein-Energy Feeding Systems on Egg-Type Pullet Growth and Laying Performance

1983

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Four egg-type pullet feeding systems were compared for the production of egg-type pullets. The dietary regimens consisted of either a step-down protein, high energy feeding program; a step-down protein, low energy program; a step-up protein, high energy program; or a step-up protein, low energy program. At 150 days of age all pullets were housed 2 birds per 25.4 X 45.7 cm laying cage and fed a standard layer diet (16% protein). The experiment utilized 2880 birds grown on the floor in a conventional growing house. At 140 days of age, birds subjected to the step-up protein feeding programs were 82 g smaller in mean body weight, had higher mortality, and consumed less feed than the birds on the step-down protein feeding programs. Body weights at 140 days of age were 1.17 and 1.09 kg for the step-down and step-up feeding programs, respectively. Energy levels fed had no significant effect on pullet weight, feed consumed, or mortality to 140 days of age. During the laying phase, hens that had been on the step-down protein feeding program reached 50% production 2.0 days earlier than birds subjected to the step-up protein feeding program. Hen-day production for the step-down and step-up pullet feeding systems based on 308 days' records was 76.09 and 76.86%, respectively. Feed efficiency and mature body weight were not significantly affected by grower feeding programs. The largest egg size and highest laying house mortality were noted in hens grown on the step-down protein feeding program.

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Dietary Protein, Energy and Volume in Pullet Grower Diets as Related to Growing and Laying Performance

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Combinations of Restricted Feeding, Lighting and Energy Levels on Performance of Growing Pullets and Subsequent Layer Performance

Combinations of Restricted Feeding, Lighting and Energy Levels on Performance of Growing Pullets and Subsequent Layer Performance

Use of Single-Stage Low Protein Diets for Growing Leghorn Pullets

Effect of Step-Down and Step-Up Protein-Energy Feeding Systems on Egg-Type Pullet Growth and Laying Performance

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