Dietary Polyphenol Intake, but Not the Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity, Is Inversely Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Polish Women: Results of WOBASZ and WOBASZ II Studies

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) and the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women. Participants were 916 postmenopausal women diagnosed with CVD and 1683 postmenopausal women without history of CVD, who took part in the population-based studies carried out in Poland: WOBASZ (2003–2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). Nutritional data were collected using a single 24-hour dietary recall. DPI and DTAC in the CVD women were significantly lower and accounted for 1766.39 mg/d and 10.84 mmol/d, respectively, versus 1920.57 mg/d and 11.85 mmol/d in the women without CVD, but these differences disappeared after the standardization for energy input. Also, in the multiple-adjustment model, higher DPI, but not DTAC, was associated with the reduced odds ratio for the prevalence of CVD. Beverages, mainly coffee and tea, contributed in more than 40% to DPI and in more than a half to DTAC. In this study, higher dietary polyphenol intake, but not the dietary total antioxidant capacity, was inversely associated with CVD in postmenopausal women, which points to the health benefits of increased polyphenol intake from food sources for these women.

Are Total and Individual Dietary Lignans Related to Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women? A Nationwide Study

“…According to the previous study involving the same participants, women with CVD differed from those without past history of CVD in age, education, smoking habit, cholesterol level, alcohol intake, coffee intake, energy intake, BMI, prevalence of central obesity and hypercholesterolemia ([ 18 ] and Table 1 ). They did not differ in the use of menopause hormone therapy (MHT), leisure-time activity, family history of CVD, consumption of vegetables, fruit and tea, in dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) or dietary antioxidant capacity (DTAC) ([ 18 ] and Table 1 ).…”

“…In this group of postmenopausal women, dietary intake of total lignans, as well as the respective lignan types, were not associated with the prevalence of CVD. Recently, we showed an association of the dietary intake of total polyphenols in this group of postmenopausal women with lower prevalence of CVD, but it was not found for the total dietary antioxidant intake [ 18 ]. Polyphenols are a large group of phytochemicals that share common structural features of phenolic units.…”

“…A general description of the study group stratified by CVD status has been given in Table 1 . A more detailed description of the CVD women and those without past history of CVD has been published elsewhere [ 18 ].…”

Dietary intake of isoflavones is associated with a lower prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: cross‐sectional study

“…The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells causes the rapid degradation of nitric oxide, and thus the quenching of ROS should, in theory, improve endothelial function. In a study with 1683 postmenopausal women, an inverse association was observed between total polyphenol intake and lower prevalence of CVD . Other dietary antioxidants have been recognised to exert a protective effect against atherogenesis and CVD .…”

Deciphering the Riddles in Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease

“…96 Both short-and long-term tea consumption have shown to improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation, reverse endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in CHD patients and are associated with favourable changes on lipid profile. [97][98][99] These effects translate into a lower risk of developing CHD and major cardiac events, even all-cause mortality. 100,101 The evidence for a favourable CVD profile is based on regular tea consumption (3-5 cups/day) without added sugars, sweeteners or milks and creams (both animal and plant-based), and that should be the proper way to tackle any recommendation on this beverage.…”