Dietary phytoestrogens and cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies

Adlercreutz, Herman; Mousavi, Yaghoob; Clark, Jim; Höckerstedt, Krister; Hämäläinen, Esa; Wähälä, Kristiina; Mäkelä, Taru; Hase, Tapio

doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90359-q

Cited by 401 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that lignan metabolism in humans could affect that of endogenous estradiol through competition to the estrogen receptors found on the major carriers, such as sex-hormonebinding globulin. 30,31 Lignans could therefore alter the estrogen levels available for hormone-dependent tissues, and by this effect influence the different estrogen-related physiological mechanism 32 that take place during puberty. Finally, the additive and synergistic effects of other active phytochemicals found in the diet, may be partly responsible for the health benefits associated with vegetable-rich foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of dietary lignan intake in a representative sample of young Spaniards: association with lower obesity prevalence among boys but not girls

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lignan-rich diets have been associated with favorable health effects through improved metabolic profile. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary lignan intake could be also associated with childhood obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We studied prevalent obesity in relation to lignan intake within the enKid study that involved 3438 children, adolescents and young adults (2-24 years old). Participant's dietary records were used to calculate lignan dietary intake using a lignan composition database adapted to the Spanish diet. RESULTS: The mean intake of the dietary lignans was calculated as B1 mg/day, corresponding mainly (37%) to pinoresinol. No gender differences were found, but lignan intake was positively associated with age, physical activity level and dietary fiber intake, and negatively with the intake of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The main sources of dietary lignans were refined wheat, olive oil and whole-wheat bread. A strong association between dietary lignan intake and prevalent obesity was found only for boys, with odds ratio (highest versus lowest quartile of lignan intake) of 0.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.70) after adjusting for main confounders, including dietary fiber. CONCLUSIONS: Boys with the highest lignan-rich products including cereals, whole-grain products and olive oil, presented less cases of obesity in this representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. It is unknown whether this association implies an active role of dietary lignans on obesity development, or is merely an indicator of a healthier lifestyle. INTRODUCTIONChildhood obesity has become a major public health issue, both for its increased prevalence worldwide, and its progression to major cardiovascular events later in life that further increases morbidity and mortality. As a disorder of energy balance, obesity is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Different bioactive compounds in the diet are currently acknowledged to have favorable effects in these processes. 1 Lignans are fiberrelated phenolic compounds widely distributed in the diet 2 as part of the dietary fiber complex. 3 Lignans are especially abundant in grains, oilseeds, legumes and cruciferous vegetables. [4][5][6] Six different lignans, that is, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol can be found at relevant concentrations in the human diet. 7 These dietary lignans are absorbed, and to a certain extent (17%) excreted, 8 although the major fraction undergoes an extensive metabolism by the gut microflora that results in the formation of the so-called enterolignans, 9 attending to their colonic origin. These metabolites have been inversely associated with lower weight in women, 10 and further with improved cardiovascular risk factors, and lower risks of acute cardiovascular events. [11][12][13][14][15] There is no information on the intake of lignans in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the lignan intake and it...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of dietary lignan intake in a representative sample of young Spaniards: association with lower obesity prevalence among boys but not girls

et al. 2012

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“…In addition, isoflavones were shown to regulate plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels (Adlercreutz et al, 1992) and displace in vitro testosterone and 17b estradiol from hSHBG binding sites. This potentially affects the availability of free bioactive steroids and the androgento-estrogen balance (Dechaud et al, 1999).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health

Cederroth

Zimmermann

Nef

2012

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

184

117

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a b s t r a c tThere is growing interest in the potential health threats posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to the reproductive system. Soybean is the most important dietary source of isoflavones, an important class of phytoestrogen. While consumption of soy food or phytoestrogen supplements has been frequently associated with beneficial health effects, the potentially adverse effects on development, fertility, and the reproductive and endocrine systems are likely underappreciated. Here we review the available epidemiological, clinical and animal data on the effects of soy and phytoestrogens on the development and function of the male and female reproductive system, and weigh the evidence as to their detrimental impact.

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“…Dietary lignans were postulated to have an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in breast tumors through decreased levels of circulating estrogens either by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme in biosynthesis of estrogen 12 or by increasing production of SHBG. 16 In the presence of estrogens in particular, mammalian lignans suppressed the estrogen-induced cellular proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cell 68 and stimulated the synthesis of SHBG in liver cells. 16 After adjustment for lignans, our observed statistically significant inverse association of cereal fiber among PMH ever-users was attenuated, but remained significant.…”

Section: Rr (95% Ci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In the presence of estrogens in particular, mammalian lignans suppressed the estrogen-induced cellular proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cell 68 and stimulated the synthesis of SHBG in liver cells. 16 After adjustment for lignans, our observed statistically significant inverse association of cereal fiber among PMH ever-users was attenuated, but remained significant. Given this observation, our results support the cereal fiber-related hypothesis of estrogen-binding capacity in the colon and of reduction of b-glucuronidase activity through increase of the fecal bulk.…”

Section: Rr (95% Ci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10] It has been also reported an association of increased dietary fiber intake and fiber-related phytochemicals with a reduction of estrogen levels in blood 6,[11][12][13] and with increased level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which binds estradiol affecting its bioavailability. [14][15][16] Thus, it has been hypothesized that fiber intake may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer through the reduction of circulating estrogen levels. 17 Moreover, fiber might also indirectly reduce the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes-both being risk factors for estrogen receptor positive (ER1)/progesterone receptor positive (PR1) postmenopausal breast cancer 18,19 -through the control of insulin resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dietary fiber intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status—A prospective cohort study among Swedish women

Suzuki

Rylander-Rudqvist

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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There is few data on the association between dietary fiber intake and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-defined breast cancer risk. We evaluated the association between dietary fiber and ER/PR-defined breast cancer risk stratified by postmenopausal hormone use, alcohol intake, and family history of breast cancer in the population-based Swedish Mammography Screening Cohort comprising 51,823 postmenopausal women. Fiber intake was measured by food-frequency questionnaire collected in 1987 and 1997. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by hazard ratio derived from Cox proportional hazard regression models. During an average of 8.3-year follow-up, 1,188 breast cancer cases with known ER/PR status were diagnosed. When comparing the highest to the lowest quintile, we observed non-significant inverse associations between total fiber intake and the risk of all tumor subtypes; the multivariate-adjusted RRs were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.69-1.05) for overall, 0.85 (0.64-1.13) for ER1PR1, 0.83 (0.52-1.31) for ER1PR2 and 0.94 (0.49-1.80) for ER2PR2. For specific fiber, we observed statistically significant risk reductions for overall (34%) and for ER1PR1 (38%) for the highest versus lowest quintile of fruit fiber, and non-significant inverse associations for other subtypes of cancer and types of fiber. Among ever-users of postmenopausal hormone (PMH), total fiber intake and especially cereal fiber were statistically significantly associated with 50% reduced risk for overall and ER1PR1 tumors when comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, but no association was observed among PMH never users. Our results suggest that dietary fiber intake from fruit and cereal may play a role in reducing breast cancer risk. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: breast cancer; estrogen receptor; progesterone receptor; dietary fiber; risk Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women in Western countries. A number of studies indicate that a high level of endogenous/exogenous steroid hormones may play a critical role in the development of postmenopausal breast cancer. 1-4 It has been postulated that dietary fiber intake may reduce estrogen levels through interference of fiber with their enterohepatic metabolism. 5 Proposed mechanisms include increasing fecal excretion of estrogens, inhibition of intestinal reabsorption of estrogens by suppressing bacterial b-glucuronidase activity or binding unconjugated estrogens to fiber in the colon. 6-10 It has been also reported an association of increased dietary fiber intake and fiber-related phytochemicals with a reduction of estrogen levels in blood 6,[11][12][13] and with increased level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which binds estradiol affecting its bioavailability. [14][15][16] Thus, it has been hypothesized that fiber intake may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer through the reduction of circulating estrogen levels. 17 Moreover, fiber might also indirectly reduce the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes-both bei...

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Dietary phytoestrogens and cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies

Cited by 401 publications

References 26 publications

Determinants of dietary lignan intake in a representative sample of young Spaniards: association with lower obesity prevalence among boys but not girls

Determinants of dietary lignan intake in a representative sample of young Spaniards: association with lower obesity prevalence among boys but not girls

Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health

Dietary fiber intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status—A prospective cohort study among Swedish women

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