Dietary patterns, nutrition knowledge and lifestyle: associations with blood pressure in a sample of Australian adults (the Food BP study)

Abstract

This study examined the association between dietary patterns, nutrition knowledge and lifestyle with blood pressure (BP) in a sample of Australian adults. Adults with normal and high BP were included in a cross-sectional study. Dietary intake data was collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Nutrition knowledge and lifestyle surveys were included in the questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis followed by cluster analysis. Associations were analysed using logistic regression. Four hundred and seven participants were included. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western; Snack and alcohol; and Balanced. Participants with high BP had a higher intake of Western and a lower intake of Balanced dietary pattern. A significant and higher frequency of discretionary foods and oils consumption, as well as lower nutrition knowledge score and activity frequency, were observed in the high BP group. Regression analysis indicated that the intake of Western and Snack and alcohol dietary patterns increases the likelihood of having high BP by 2.40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-4.49) and 2.76 (95% CI: 1.52-5.00), respectively, when nutrition knowledge and lifestyle were controlled for as moderator variables. The likelihood of high BP was not associated with nutrition knowledge, but increased with physical inactivity. This study indicates that poor dietary patterns and inactivity are associated with increases in the likelihood of high BP, and the association is not influenced by nutrition knowledge. These findings indicate the importance of developing public health strategies with an emphasis on improving the dietary patterns of individuals to prevent and control high BP in Australian adults.

Association between dietary patterns and sociodemographics: A cross‐sectional study of Australian nursing students

“…Survey data were collected between May and September 2017 at CQU and between February and June 2018 at Griffith University using SurveyMonkey (http://www.surveymonkey.com). Food and dietary habits were measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (59 items), previously developed and validated in an Australian population by the project leader (Irwin, Khalesi, Fenning, & Vella, ; Khalesi, Sharma, Irwin, & Sun, ). Participants were asked to report their food consumption frequency in the past 12 months in daily, weekly, or monthly format using a 10 point scale (from “never” to “3–5 times per day”).…”

Effect of 8-weeks prebiotics/probiotics supplementation on alcohol metabolism and blood biomarkers of healthy adults: a pilot study

“…A resting blood pressure recording was then taken using an automatic blood pressure monitor (Omron HEM-7203, Omron HealthCare Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) and immediately after, a 10 mL blood sample was collected from the antecubital forearm vein, using standard phlebotomy procedures. Participants were then asked to complete a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) 8 [34,35], which indicated dietary consumption patterns over the previous 4 weeks. The FFQ was modified to also contain a detailed section for evaluating consumption of prebiotic and probiotic foods and fluids.…”

Associations between dietary patterns and blood pressure in a sample of Australian adults

“…Thus with less variation in dietary intake, there may be less ability to detect associations with BP. Although our sample size was less than 300 individuals, this is comparable to other analyses assessing associations between dietary patterns and other markers of chronic disease [24,25,36,55,56]. A key strength of this study is the use of home BP measurements which have been shown to share the many advantages of ambulatory monitoring.…”

“…Dietary patterns also differ among certain populations within a country depending on factors such as age, sex and education level [22,23]. To date there has been little published research on the association between dietary patterns and BP in Australian adults [24,25]. A study by Livingstone et al, using data from two 24-h recalls on 4908 adults from the Australia National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, found a dietary pattern, determined by reduced rank regression, characterised by low fibre density and high sodium to potassium ratio (Na:K) and high saturated fat to polyunsaturated fat ratio, was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension [26].…”