Dietary patterns modify the association between fat mass and obesity-associated genetic variants and changes in obesity phenotypes

Abstract

The present study investigated whether dietary patterns could interact with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) polymorphisms in relation to changes in BMI and waist circumference (WC) over 3⋅6 years of follow-up. Subjects were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (n 4292, 43⋅2 % male). Dietary data were collected using a valid and reliable FFQ. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis. The genotypes of polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs17817449, rs8050136, rs9939973 and rs3751812) were determined. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using the weighted method. Mean ages of men and women were 42·6 (sd 14) and 40⋅4 (sd 13) years, respectively. The healthy (e.g. vegetables and fruits) and the Western dietary patterns (WDP; e.g. soft drinks and fast foods) were extracted. In carriers of the risk alleles rs1121980, rs1421085, rs8050136, rs1781799 and rs3751812, BMI was approximately 2-fold higher in individuals in the higher quartile of WDP score, compared with the first quartile (P < 0⋅05). WC increased with increasing WDP score in carriers of the risk alleles rs1121980 and rs3751812, but not in individuals who did not carry any risk alleles. BMI and WC increased to a greater extent in the high GRS group while increasing quartiles of the WDP score, compared with the low GRS group (BMI change; Q1: 1⋅04 (se 0⋅34) v. Q4: 2⋅26 (se 0⋅36)) (WC change; Q1: 0⋅47 (se 0⋅32) v. Q4: 0⋅95 (se 0⋅34)) (P interaction < 0⋅05). These results suggest that adults with higher genetic predisposition to obesity are more susceptible to the harmful effects of adherence to the WDP, which emphasised the need to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods for the prevention of obesity.

Influence of the FTO polymorphism rs17817449 on the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in Upper Silesian population — a preliminary, cross-sectional study

“…Conducted research on genetic background does not prove a significant effect of genetic mutations on the frequency of MONW occurrence [27]. Hosseini-Esfahani et al proved that the occurrence of rs17817449 is associated with an increased BMI and WC, however, it can be modified by changing dietary patterns [28]. In our study we found no association between increased WC and the investigated polymorphism.…”

Interaction of genetic and environmental factors for body fat mass control: observational study for lifestyle modification and genotyping

“…Increased consumption of western-style foods, such as fast foods and soft drinks, was associated with a prominent BMI increase in subjects with higher GRS, compared to subjects with lower GRS (P-value for interaction = 0.01). The interaction between the GRS and western-style food consumption was significant for waist size changes (P-value for interaction < 0.05) 38 .…”

Title: Cohort profile update: Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study, a path toward precision medicine

“…At the same time, no signi cant association was detected between those SNPs and metabolically healthy obesity [29]. Another study was designed to investigate the interaction between dietary patterns and FTO polymorphisms regarding changes in BMI and WC over 3⋅6 years of followup [30]. Six common SNPs (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs17817449, rs8050136, rs9939973, and rs3751812) within the FTO gene region were chosen.…”