Dietary patterns by reduced rank regression are associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults

Abstract

Evidence linking dietary patterns (DP) and obesity and hypertension prevalence is inconsistent. We aimed to identify DP derived from energy density, fibre and sugar intakes, as well as Na, K, fibre, SFA and PUFA, and investigate associations with obesity and hypertension. Adults (n 4908) were included from the cross-sectional Australian Health Survey 2011-2013. Two 24-h dietary recalls estimated food and nutrient intakes. Reduced rank regression derived DP with dietary energy density (DED), fibre density and total sugar intake as response variables for obesity and Na:K, SFA:PUFA and fibre density as variables for hypertension. Poisson regression investigated relationships between DP and prevalence ratios (PR) of overweight/obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and hypertension (blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg). Obesity-DP1 was positively correlated with fibre density and sugars and inversely with DED. Obesity-DP2 was positively correlated with sugars and inversely with fibre density. Individuals in the highest tertile of Obesity-DP1 and Obesity-DP2, compared with the lowest, had lower (PR 0·88; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·95) and higher (PR 1·09; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·18) prevalence of obesity, respectively. Na:K and SFA:PUFA were positively correlated with Hypertension-DP1 and inversely correlated with Hypertension-DP2, respectively. There was a trend towards higher hypertension prevalence in the highest tertile of Hypertension-DP1 compared with the lowest (PR 1·18; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·41). Hypertension-DP2 was not associated with hypertension. Obesity prevalence was inversely associated with low-DED, high-fibre and high-sugar (natural sugars) diets and positively associated with low-fibre and high-sugar (added sugars) diets. Hypertension prevalence was higher on low-fibre and high-Na and SFA diets.

Social Gradients and Physical Activity Trends in an Obesogenic Dietary Pattern: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2014

“…Using the same dietary pattern score, we were able to observe important correlates of an obesogenic diet in the UK population, which was in line with groups with a higher prevalence of obesity. There were clear social gradients, which has also been observed in other studies deriving dietary patterns in the same way [ 10 , 22 ], and is in line with the more general observation that diet quality is socially patterned [ 26 ]. Interestingly there was no evidence of association between our dietary pattern score and weight status in either adults or children.…”

“…Dietary patterns were derived with Reduced Rank Regression (RRR). To replicate the obesogenic dietary pattern previously identified in ALSPAC, we used dietary energy density (DED), fibre density (FD) and total fat as a percentage of energy intake (% fat) as response variables [ 10 , 11 , 22 ]. A total of 51 food groups were used as predictors, to generate 3 dietary patterns (based on the number of response variables).…”

Changes in lysophospholipids and liver status after weight loss: the RESMENA study

“…Consequently, the prevalence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension or hepatic diseases, and accompanying clinical manifestations, will also increase [ 2 , 3 ]. Current recommendations for obesity management focus on energy-restricted diets with reduced consumption of high energy-dense foods (mainly fat and sugars), as well as higher intakes of fiber and protein to produce satiety, which may be complemented by behavioral or physical activity programs to induce additional weight loss [ 4 ]. Also, bariatric surgery and new pharmacological agents may represent appropriate medical strategies for inducing weight loss, but further research is warranted to combat the obesity epidemic.…”

The Relationship between Dietary Patterns with Blood Pressure in Iranian Army Staffs

“…Although the results of some studies were similar to our study, a number of studies have reported different results from our survey. One study in Australian adults has investigated the association between dietary patterns with obesity and HTN and showed that a dietary pattern with high sodium and saturated fatty acids and low fiber was related to the prevalence of HTN significantly,[ 35 ] and in addition, Khalesi et al . confirmed a significant association between western pattern and HTN among Australian adults.…”