To investigate the time trend and distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iranian Army Units (IAUs) and general population (GP). with using census, Data on CL incidence in IAUs (from AJA University of Medical Sciences) and GP (from Ministry of Health) during 2005-2014 were extracted and entered into the GIS software. Cochran-Armitage test, choropleth map, hot-spot analysis and high/low clustering analysis were used to determine time trend, distribution of disease, hot-spots, and possible abnormal clustering, respectively. The number of infected individuals in IAUs and GP were 6533 and 153,499 respectively (with incidence rates of 143.68 per 100,000 and 25.86 per 100,000, respectively). Time trend analysis revealed the departure from linear trend for the incidence in IAUs ( < 0.001), but no such time trend was found in GP. According to choropleth maps; in IAUs, Khozestan from southwest, Esfahan from central and Kermanshah from west parts of Iran and among GP; Fars, Yazd, and Kerman in southern-east of Iran showed a high incidence rates. In IAUs, Esfahan and Khuzestan provinces was hot-spots of CL ( < 0.05), but in GP, provinces like Fars and Khorasan-shomali was hot-spots ( < 0.05). No clustering pattern of disease was observed in either study populations. Observed spatiotemporal variability in CL among IAUs and GP warrants proper health programs particularly to Khozestan and Esfahan in IAUs and Fars and Khorasan-shomali in GP are highly recommended.

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Background:Hypertension is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in the world. One of the most effective factors on blood pressure (BP) is nutrition. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and BP among military staffs.Materials and Methods:The study was carried out among 405 military staffs between 22 and 51 years old. Demographic, anthropometric information, and BP of participants were evaluated by standard methods. The dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using a posteriori method, factor analysis, and based on the FFQ. To check the relationship between BP and dietary patterns, we used multivariate linear regression in different models, relationship were adjusted for Age, sex, marital, smoking, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, family history of hypertension, energy intake, and physical activity level.Results:Two dominant dietary patterns were identified in the participants: Healthy and western pattern. The association of dietary patterns with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was exhibited in different models. There was no relationship between SBP and DBP with healthy pattern (P = 0.269 and P = 0.638, respectively) and western pattern (P = 0.648 and P = 0.315, respectively) after adjustments.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that dietary patterns did not have any significant relationship with SBP and DBP after adjustment for confounders in the healthy military. To identify the dietary patterns associated with BP in healthy military, more strong design studies and more participants should be conducted in the future.

Introduction: Impaired glucose metabolism, including diabetes and pre-diabetes, is a major cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the glucose metabolism status of employees based on regular occupational health checkups in a military population to plan a more effective program. Methods: From a registry of regular occupational health checkups covering the years 2011 through 2015 in a military medical organization, the study extracted data on age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), job (medical or non-medical), smoking, history and/or family history of diabetes and hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density and high-density lipoproteins. Results: Data were collected for 783 apparently healthy individuals, 536 (68.5%) male and 247 (31.5%) female. According to duplicated FBS tests, 17 cases (2.3%) were at diabetic level (FBS≥126 mg/dL), 100 (13.7%) had pre-diabetes (100≤FBS≤125 mg/dL), and 612 (78.2%) had normal FBS (<100 mg/dL). Overall, 1.3% of cases had undiagnosed diabetes and 12.8% had undiagnosed pre-diabetes. Gender, age, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly associated with impaired glucose metabolism. Non-medical staff had significantly higher prevalence abnormal FBS than medical employees. Importantly, the probability of impaired glucose metabolism increased with clustering of the risk factors. Discussion: A considerable proportion of apparently healthy middle-aged employees of a military medical organization had disturbed glucose metabolism, which was first diagnosed in regular occupational health checkups. A personalized multidimensional approach would enhance individualized risk-assessment models.