Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in a Japanese population: The Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study

Abstract

Few studies have addressed the relation between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in Japan. We investigated dietary patterns in relation to colorectal cancer risk in a community-based case -control study. The association with dietary patterns was also examined for different sites of colorectal cancer. Data were derived from the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study, including 800 cases and 775 controls interviewed from September 2000 to December 2003. The cases were admitted to one of the participating hospitals for the first surgical treatment during this period. We identified dietary patterns using principal component analysis of intakes of twenty-nine items of food groups and specific foods. Quartile categories of each dietary pattern were used, and non-dietary lifestyle factors and total energy intake were adjusted for in the analysis. We identified three dietary patterns: prudent, high-fat and light-meal patterns. The prudent dietary pattern characterised by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, seafoods and soya foods showed a nearly significant protective association with the overall risk of colorectal cancer (trend P¼0·054), and it was statistically significantly related to a decreased risk of distal colon cancer (trend P¼ 0·002), but not to that of either proximal colon or rectal cancer. The high-fat and light-meal dietary patterns were not materially related to the overall or site-specific risk of colorectal cancer. In summary, a prudent dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, especially with that of distal colon cancer, in a fairly large case -control study in Japan. Dietary patterns: Colorectal cancer: Japanese population: Principal component analysisColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, accounting for approximately 10 % of the incident cases of cancer (1)

Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis

“…1. Forty articles (Barra et al, 1992;Slattery et al, 1998;Terry et al, 2001;Ji et al, 2002;Fung et al, 2003;Pedersen et al, 2003;Cho et al, 2004;Dixon et al, 2004;Ho et al, 2004;Wu et al, 2004;Cottet et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2005Kim et al, , 2010Kim et al, , 2012Mizoue et al, 2005;Wakai et al, 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;Akhter et al, 2007;Meyerhardt et al, 2007;Butler et al, 2008;Flood et al, 2008;Shrubsole et al, 2008;Park et al, 2009;Satia et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2009;Bravi et al, 2010;Kurotani et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2010;Park et al, 2010;Breslow et al, 2011;Makambi et al, 2011;Stefani et al, 2011;Turati et al, 2011;Kontou et al, 2012;Botma et al, 2013;Safari et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2013;Kumagai et al, 2014;Nimptsch et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis, including 22 (Barra et al, 1992;…”

Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer

“…The literature search yielded 19 eligible articles, published from 1975 to 2010, described in detail in Annexes 1 and 2. Ten were conducted in North America Fung et al, 2003;Nkondjock and Ghadirian 2005;Flood et al, 2008;Satia et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2009;Wirfalt et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2010b), five in Europe Rouillier et al, 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;Bravi et al, 2010), three in Asia (Kim et al, 2005;Butler et al, 2008;Kurotani et al, 2010), and one in South America (De Stefani et al, 2009). Most of these studies used validated food frequency questionnaires to assess dietary intake but in one study, this information was not specified and in another, the questionnaire was not validated (De Stefani et al, 2009), although reproducibility had been evaluated.…”

“…Wirfalt Fung et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;Butler et al, 2008;Flood et al, 2008), seven population-based case-control Regarding the outcome evaluated, RR estimates for colorectal cancer were obtained from nine articles Kim et al, 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;Butler et al, 2008;Flood et al, 2008;De Stefani et al, 2009;Kurotani et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2010b), 11 articles provided estimates for colon cancer Fung et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2005;Nkondjock and Fung et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2005;Nkondjock and Ghadirian, 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;Flood et al, 2008;De Stefani et al, 2009;Satia et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2010b). For rectal cancer, no significant associations were observed for any of the dietary patterns evaluated (Fig.…”

“…The 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research report concluded that there was convincing evidence of a causal role of red and processed meat, obesity, and alcohol (in men; probable risk in women) in the etiology of colorectal cancer, and foods containing dietary fiber, garlic, milk, and calcium were considered to be probable protective factors. The relation between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer, however, was not formally assessed in the study, although only seven of the 16 studies included in our meta-analyses (Butler et al, 2008;Flood et al, 2008;De Stefani et al, 2009;Satia et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2009;Kurotani et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2010b) were published after 2007. A recent review of 10 independent meta-analyses concluded that alcohol was responsible for 53% and 69% increased risk of tumors of the colon and rectum, respectively (Huxley et al, 2009).…”

“…Butler et al, 2008;De Stefani et al, 2009;Satia et al, 2009), six for both proximal and distal colon cancersKim et al, 2005;Flood et al, 2008;Kurotani et al, 2010), and eight for rectal cancerKim et al, 2005;Butler et al, 2008;Flood et al, 2008;De Stefani et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2009;Kurotani et al, 2010) (Fig. 1).Although dietary patterns observed across populations from different geographic locations and cultural backgrounds are locale-specific, it was possible to identify three dietary patterns with similar characteristics that were common to the majority of the studies identified, which were labeled as 'drinker,' 20 RR estimates (by cancer subsite and sex strata) available from six studiesNkondjock and Ghadirian 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;De Stefani et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2010b); 'healthy,' 63 estimates in 14 studiesFung et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2005;Kesse et al, 2006;Flood et al, 2008;De Stefani et al, 2009;Satia et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2009;Kurotani et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2010b); 'western,' 60 estimates in 13 studies…”