Dietary patterns and associations with biomarkers of inflammation in adults: a systematic review of observational studies

Abstract

Background Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation is involved in manychronic diseases of ageing. Modifiable lifestyle factors including dietcan affect low-grade inflammation. Dietary patterns allow assessment of the complex interactions of food nutrients and health and may be associated with inflammatory status. This systematic review aimed to summarises current evidence from observational studies for associations between dietary patterns and inflammatory biomarkers in the general adult population. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Methods We conducted a systematic search in Embase, CINAHL Complete, Global Health and MEDLINE complete databases. Search terms included terms for diet (“dietary patterns”, “diet scores”) and inflammation (“inflammation“, “c-reactive protein“, “interleukin“). Results The search produced 7161 records. Duplicates were removed leaving 3164 for screening. There were 69 studies included (60 cross-sectional, 9 longitudinal). Papers included studies that were: 1) observational studies; 2) conducted in community-dwelling adults over 18 years of age; 3) assessed dietary patterns; 4) measured specified biomarkers of inflammation and 5) published in English. Dietary patterns were assessed using diet scores (n = 45), data-driven approaches (n = 22), both a data-driven approach and diet score (n = 2). The most frequently assessed biomarkers were CRP (n = 64) and/or IL-6 (n = 22). Cross-sectionally the majority of analyses reported an association between higher diet scores (mostly Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diet scores) and lower inflammatory markers with 82 significant associations from 133 analyses. Only 22 of 145 cross-sectional analyses using data-driven approaches reported an association between a dietary patterns and lower inflammatory markers; the majority reported no association. Evidence of an association between dietary patterns and inflammatory markers longitudinally is limited, with the majority reporting no association. Conclusions Adherence to healthy, Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory dietary scores, appear to be associated with lower inflammatory status cross-sectionally. Future research could focus on longitudinal studies using a potential outcomes approach in the data analysis. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42019114501.

Subcritical Water Extraction and Hydrolysis of Cod (Gadus morhua) Frames to Produce Bioactive Protein Extracts

“…Chronic inflammation is related to the development and progression of many chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, and cancer. Nutrition patterns influence the inflammation level, and any healthy diet should take into consideration the impact on systemic inflammation [63]. Thus, the obtained extracts were evaluated as potential anti-inflammatory food ingredients.…”

“…Planar spacings and intensities obtained from X-ray diffraction of the residue left after SBW process, thermal decomposition at 550 °C, and alkaline hydrolysis of codfish frames. Results are compared with standard HAp data from NIST SRM 2910b [63]. Table 6 shows the planar spacings (estimated by Bragg's law) and the intensities at the strongest peaks in the XRD spectra.…”

“…Planar spacings and intensities obtained from X-ray diffraction of the residue left after SBW process, thermal decomposition at 550 • C, and alkaline hydrolysis of codfish frames. Results are compared with standard HAp data from NIST SRM 2910b[63].…”

Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among 6- to 19-Year-Old Children and Adolescents in NHANES 2015–2016

“…More and more studies have shown that diet may be related to inflammation markers ( 1 ). Dietary patterns allow assessment of the complex interactions of food nutrients and health and may be associated with inflammatory status ( 2 ). Eating patterns characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meats, peas, beans, and fried foods, and lower intakes of whole grains are associated with higher inflammatory markers ( 3 ).…”

The Association of Anti-Inflammatory Diet Ingredients and Lifestyle Exercise with Inflammaging

“…Healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean and vegetarian diets may ameliorate inflammatory processes and decrease the levels of circulating inflammatory biomarkers, thereby reducing the risk of age-related diseases [11,12]. Meta-analyses or systemic reviews of observational studies have reported lower serum concentrations of CRP, IL-6 and TNFα among vegetarian and Mediterranean diet eaters compared with omnivores [12,13]. Regular physical activity including cardiovascular and resistance exercise has been associated with lower levels of inflammatory mediators, mainly CRP, IL-6 and TNFα, as well as higher anti-inflammatory capacity [14,15], improved neutrophil chemotaxis [16], natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and increased T lymphocyte proliferation [17], as well as a stronger post-vaccination response [18].…”