Dietary pattern and nutrient intakes in association with non-communicable disease risk factors among Filipino adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated the relationship between dietary quality and food patterns of Filipino adults and the rising prevalence of selected cardiometabolic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that examined the association of dietary pattern and NCDs using data collected in the 2013 National Nutrition Survey. A total of 19,914 adults aged 20 years and above were included in the analyses. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) was used to characterize the dietary quality, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify dietary patterns specific to the study population. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between the dietary pattern scores and selected cardiometabolic NCD indices including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight and obesity with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: The mean AHEI-2010 score was 19.7 for women and 18.9 for men out of a total possible score of 100. Three major dietary patterns were identified through PCA: 1) meat and sweetened beverages (MSB); 2) rice and fish (RF) and 3) fruit, vegetables and snack (FVS). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the AHEI pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity [extreme-tertile odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21]. Subjects in the highest tertile of the MSB pattern had greater odds for overweight/obesity, diabetes, high total cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, and high triglycerides (OR ranging 1.20 to 1.70, all p-value < 0.001). The RF pattern was associated with higher probability of overweight/obesity (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.32) high LDL-cholesterol (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.37), and less likelihood of diabetes (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.98). The FVS pattern was associated with lower probability of overweight/obesity, diabetes, high triglycerides, and hypertension (OR ranging 0.85 to 0.90, all p-value < 0.05).

Dietary Intake Quality Is Affected by Knowledge and Dietary Intake Frequency among Pregnant Women in Muntinlupa, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…It has been reported that cereals, mainly white rice, constitute half of the daily food intake of Filipino adults and the vegetable protein intake is inadequate [ 36 ]. Another study also demonstrated that a low intake of vegetables, fruits, and dairy is common because of the rice-dominant diet with few nutrient-dense foods in the Philippines [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The results of this study showed that animal protein intake during pregnancy was inadequate, and that vegetable protein intake was very inadequate.…”

Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in Filipino Adults

“…The factors extracted were rotated using varimax rotation to achieve a simpler structure [35]. Food groups with factor loading values of ≥|0.25| were regarded as significantly contributing to a pattern [6,36]. A six-factor solution was finally selected considering to the aforementioned empirical criteria in conjunction with the substantive meaning of the factor loadings.…”

“…However, the literature mostly focuses on diet-disease relationships. To the best of our knowledge, only one study on food patterns and noncommunicable disease risk factors was implemented in the Philippines [6]. Therefore, it is critical to advance research on dietary patterns to improve nutrition programs in low and middle-income countries as well as in specific vulnerable groups.…”

Fruits and Vegetables in the Management of Underlying Conditions for COVID-19 High-Risk Groups

“…When comparing patients with a deficiency in micronutrients to those who do not have a deficiency, patients with a deficiency had at least double the CV events; thus, micronutrients from FV are essential to heart health and CVD. Additionally, various studies showed a strong correlation between the Mediterranean diet which contains lots of FV and <7 glasses of fruit wine per a week on reducing CVD and total all-cause mortality [33,56,57,[60][61][62].…”

“…Nevertheless, the WHO recommends a daily intake of 400 g (a minimum of 5 servings) of FV to aid with weight-loss and reduce the risk of obesity. Moreover, the most recommended healthful diet is one that is particularly rich in a variety of FV [61,62,70,75,76,78,79,81,83,84].…”