Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in Filipino Adults

Abstract

Recent studies have investigated dietary patterns to assess the overall dietary habits of specific populations. However, limited epidemiological research has been conducted to explore the unique dietary intakes in low and middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the dietary patterns of Filipino adults and their association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A total of 10,025 adults (≥20 years old) who participated in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis of 18 food groups from the dietary survey component. Six dietary patterns were identified, namely (1) rice; (2) cereal, milk, sugar, and oil; (3) fruits and miscellaneous food; (4) fish; (5) vegetables and corn; and (6) meat and beverage. Generalized ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that the dietary patterns were associated with different factors, specifically sex, age, educational attainment, marital status, employment status, household size, wealth quintile, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Our findings showed distinct dietary patterns among Filipino adults that were influenced by various sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters. The results of this study have valuable public health implications and the dietary patterns generated can further be used to analyze the link between diet and health outcomes.

A systematic review of measurement methods used to estimate fluid and beverage intake in free‐living, working‐age adults

“…To capture studies published since the initial search, the search of electronic databases was repeated to end of April 2022. A further 16 papers reporting assessment of fluid or beverage intake were identified 142–157 . These studies were predominately conducted in Asia, Europe and the Middle East.…”

“…In terms of participant characteristics, eight studies were conducted in a general working‐age population with no indication of occupation, 143–145,152,153,155–157 two among farmers, 142,149 two among government workers, 146,147 two in university communities, 150,154 one in weavers 148 and one in hospital workers 151 . The 24‐h recall was the most used method of dietary assessment (seven studies) 143,146,148,151–153,156 . Other methods used were FFQ, diet screeners, a smart cup/app system and a single question regarding fluid intake.…”

“…151 The 24-h recall was the most used method of dietary assessment (seven studies). 143,146,148,[151][152][153]156 Other methods used were FFQ, diet screeners, a smart cup/app system and a single question regarding fluid intake. No studies conducted in a UK population were identified.…”

“…[142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157] These studies were predominately conducted in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. In terms of participant characteristics, eight studies were conducted in a general working-age population with no indication of occupation, [143][144][145]152,153,[155][156][157] two among farmers, 142,149 two among government workers, 146,147 two in university communities, 150,154 one in weavers 148 and one in hospital workers. 151 The 24-h recall was the most used method of dietary assessment (seven studies).…”

Association between modes of delivery and postpartum dietary patterns: A cross-sectional study in Northwest China

“…A high-quality diet, such as the healthy eating pattern of the Mediterranean diet, is internationally recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women (4). Nevertheless, several studies on a national or international scale showed that pregnant women do not generally follow the recommended healthy diet (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), which can contribute to the suboptimal intake of key nutrients essential to the health of mother and child (1).…”